Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Orfadin capsules is a brand name. Its generic name is Nitisinone.
Orfadin capsules Introduction
Orfadin capsules is a drug used to treat hereditary tyrosinemia type1 (HT1) which is a rare inherited disorder caused by enzyme deficiencies in some individuals. Orfadin capsules works by preventing and reducing certain substances in the body from accumulating and becoming toxic. It is taken orally as a tablet in a dosage form.
Uses of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules is indicated for the treatment of HT1 in adults and pediatric patients. It is a highly effective medication when combined with a reduced-protein diet and folic acid supplements. In adults, Orfadin capsules is also indicated as an adjunctive therapy to dietary restriction in HT1 patients with a creatinine clearance of more than 60 mL/min and without cirrhosis.
Mechanism of Action of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules works by inhibiting the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD). This enzyme is important for breaking down a substance called tyrosine which can build up in the body when a person has HT1. By blocking the action of HPD, Orfadin capsules prevents a build up of tyrosine which can be toxic, and reduces the risk of developing serious complications that can occur with HT1.
How Long Does it Take Orfadin capsules to Work?
Orfadin capsules is typically taken orally as a tablet once a day. The effects of Orfadin capsules can be observed within one to two days after beginning therapy and can take up to three to six months to reach full effect.
Absorption of Orfadin capsules
The absolute oral bioavailability of Orfadin capsules tablets is 83% and the peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 2-3 hours. When taken with food, the rate and extent of absorption is decreased resulting in a lower peak plasma concentration.
Route of Elimination of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules is eliminated mainly via biliary excretion. The mean elimination half-life of Orfadin capsules is about 24 hours.
Dosage of Orfadin capsules
The suggested dosage of Orfadin capsules for adults is 10-20 mg daily. For pediatric patients, 0.2-0.35 mg/kg/day is typically prescribed. Dosage should be monitored by a healthcare professional and adjusted based on a patient's individual response.
Administration of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules is typically taken orally as a tablet once a day, usually in the morning with food. It should not be crushed or chewed and should be taken with a full glass of water.
Side Effects of Orfadin capsules
Common side effects of Orfadin capsules include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache. Other rare side effects may include muscle pain or weakness, dizziness, and rash. It is important to contact a healthcare provider if any side effects occur.
Toxicity of Orfadin capsules
Overdose of Orfadin capsules can be fatal and should be treated immediately if suspected. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, weakness, and confusion.
Precautions of Orfadin capsules
- Orfadin capsules should not be used if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients.
- It should not be taken with certain medications such as estrogens, antibiotics, antiepileptics, or antidiabetic drugs.
- It is important to keep regular periodic blood tests to monitor for any negative effects of this medication.
- It should also not be taken by patients with liver or kidney disease.
Interaction of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules may interact with certain medications, such as estrogens, antibiotics, antiepileptics, or antidiabetic drugs. It is important to let your healthcare provider know of any medications that you are currently taking, including over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbal preparations.
Drug Interaction of Orfadin capsules
There are potential drug interactions with Orfadin capsules, including with anticonvulsants, cimetidine, estrogens, erythromycin, and certain antibiotics. Patients should talk to their healthcare provider about any drug interactions that may occur if they are taking Orfadin capsules.
Food Interactions of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules should not be taken with certain foods, such as dairy products and high-calcium foods, as these may interfere with the absorption of Orfadin capsules. Patients should also avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice, as it can increase the levels of Orfadin capsules in the body.
Pregnancy and Lactation Use of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules is a pregnancy category C drug, which means its safety for use during pregnancy has not been established. It is not recommended to take during pregnancy. Women who are breastfeeding should also avoid the use of Orfadin capsules, as it is not known if it can pass into breast milk.
Acute Overdose of Orfadin capsules
An acute overdose of Orfadin capsules can be fatal and should be treated immediately if suspected. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, weakness, and confusion. Intravenous fluids and supportive care may be needed in such cases.
Contraindication of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules should not be used in individuals who are allergic to it or any of its ingredients. Additionally, it should not be used in those with an active peptic ulcer, liver or kidney disease, or in those taking medications that may interact with Orfadin capsules.
Use Direction of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules should be taken as directed by your healthcare provider. The suggested dosage of Orfadin capsules for adults is 10-20 mg daily. For pediatric patients, 0.2-0.35 mg/kg/day is typically prescribed. Dosage should be monitored by a healthcare professional and adjusted based on a patient's individual response.
Storage Condition of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules should be stored at room temperature, away from heat and light. It should be kept in the original container it came in and should be kept out of reach of children.
Volume of Distribution of Orfadin capsules
The volume of distribution of Orfadin capsules is 0.6-1.3 L/kg.
Half Life of Orfadin capsules
The average elimination half-life of Orfadin capsules is approximately 24 hours.
Clearance of Orfadin capsules
Orfadin capsules has an oral clearance of 0.27 mL/min/kg.
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