TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? TNK-tPA is a brand name. Its generic name is Tenecteplase.
TNK-tPA Introduction
TNK-tPA is a recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) that is used in acute myocardial infarction to restore blood flow in the heart muscle. It is a derivative of native tPA, and is a protein manufactured by recombinant DNA technology and administered intravenously.
Uses for TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA is primarily used to treat acute coronary syndrome, which is a heart complication that occurs when a blood clot blocks a coronary artery. It is also used to treat patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMIs) and other thrombolytic indications.
TNK-tPA Mechanism of Action
TNK-tPA works by activating plasminogen, a protein found in plasma. This activates the formation of plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, a protein responsible for forming blood clots. By breaking down clots, TNK-tPA reopens blocked arteries and restoring regular blood flow to the heart.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
TNK-tPA works very quickly. It takes about 90 minutes to reach peak concentration in the bloodstream and can cause a decrease in clot size in as little as five minutes.
TNK-tPA Absorption
TNK-tPA is rapidly and virtually completely absorbed after administration. It is hydrolyzed to inactive metabolites, with only trace amounts of intact tenecteplase being present in the bloodstream.
Route of Elimination
TNK-tPA is eliminated primarily through renal clearance, with approximately 40% of the drug being excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dosage and Administration of TNK-tPA
The recommended dose of TNK-tPA for adults is 30 mg. It is administered intravenously, and should be initiated as soon as possible after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. The dose should be infused over 10-20 minutes.
TNK-tPA Side Effects
Common side effects of TNK-tPA include nausea, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension, and dizziness. Severe side effects include bleeding, anaphylaxis, intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, and cardiac tamponade.
TNK-tPA Toxicity
TNK-tPA has low systemic toxicity and is generally well tolerated. The most serious potential complication of TNK-tPA use is the risk of bleeding, which can occur internally or externally.
Precautions and Warnings with TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA is contraindicated in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and should be avoided in individuals with a history of intracranial hemmorhage or bleeding disorders.
Interactions with TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA may interact with other drugs or medications, and may also interact with certain dietary and herbal supplements. Patients should inform their doctor of all medications or supplements they are taking before starting treatment with TNK-tPA.
Disease Interactions with TNK-tPA
Patients with certain diseases may be at increased risk of adverse reactions or complications when using TNK-tPA. Such diseases include renal or hepatic impairment, cerebral or intracranial disorders, hypertension, and bleeding disorders.
Drug Interactions with TNK-tPA
The use of TNK-tPA can alter the effects of certain drugs, which can lead to serious side effects. Such drugs include anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, as well as other medications used to treat cardiovascular conditions.
Food Interactions with TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA should not be taken with alcohol or certain foods to avoid increasing the risk of serious complications. Grapefruit juice, cranberry juice, and vitamin K containing foods should be avoided.
Pregnancy and Lactation Use with TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA should not be used in pregnant or nursing women as it has the potential to cause harm to the mother or fetus. If a woman becomes pregnant during treatment, the drug should be discontinued immediately.
TNK-tPA Acute Overdose
The signs and symptoms of a TNK-tPA overdose include bleeding, hypotension, and increased risk of thrombolytic events.
TNK-tPA Contraindication
TNK-tPA should not be used in patients with active bleeding, a low platelet count, or in patients who are at risk of intracranial hemorrhage. It should also not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components.
Use Direction of TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA should be slowly and directly injected into a vein over a period of 10-20 minutes, as directed by a healthcare provider. It should not be mixed with other drugs, and should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of acute myocardial infarction.
Storage Condition of TNK-tPA
TNK-tPA should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and light. It should be kept out of the reach of children and pets, and should be protected from freezing.
TNK-tPA Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution for TNK-tPA is approximately 0.45 L/kg.
TNK-tPA Half Life
The half-life of TNK-tPA is approximately 5 minutes.
TNK-tPA Clearance
The clearance of TNK-tPA is approximately 5 mL/min/kg.
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