Cefepimum
Cefepimum Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Cefepimum is a brand name. Its generic name is Cefepime.
Cefepimum
Cefepimum (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Maxipime. Cefepimum is a broad-spectrum injectable antibiotic with activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefepimum is administered intravenously, and is available for use in both hospitalized and home health care settings.
Uses
Cefepimum is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including skin, lung, urinary tract, and abdominal infections. It is also used to treat bacterial meningitis, which is an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is sometimes used for the treatment of infections that other antibiotics are unable to effectively treat, such as certain multi-drug resistant organisms.
Mechanism of Action
Cefepimum belongs to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria by preventing the formation of cell wall during replication. The cell wall is the outer layer of protection that bacteria use to defend against environmental damage and to contain their contents. Cefepimum specifically targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in bacterial cells. When PBPs are blocked, the process of bacterial cell wall formation is disturbed, which can ultimately lead to cell death.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
The time it takes for Cefepimum to work is dependent on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Generally, improvement in symptoms can be seen in one to three days, although it may take longer for the infection to be completely eliminated.
Absorption
Cefepimum is not well absorbed when taken orally, so it is not available in a pill form. When administered intravenously, the bioavailability of Cefepimum is around 100%, meaning that all of the antibiotic is present in the bloodstream.
Route of Elimination
Cefepimum is largely eliminated unchanged in the urine, but small amounts may be excreted in the bile or feces.
Dosage and Administration
Cefepimum doses are typically determined by the patient’s weight, age, and the severity of the infection. It is available in the form of a powder or a solution that must be diluted prior to administration. The usual adult dose ranges from 2 g to 4 g daily, divided into two or three equal doses. The usual pediatric dose ranges from 30 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg daily, divided into two or three equal doses. Cefepimum should be administered intravenously over a period of 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the patient and the severity of the infection.
Side Effects
Some common side effects of Cefepimum include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. It may also cause an increased risk of seizures in certain individuals. If any of these side effects become severe or persist, contact a doctor immediately.
Toxicity
Cefepimum is generally well-tolerated but it may cause renal and neurological side effects, including confusion, headache, tremor, slurred speech, and agitation in rare cases.
Precautions
Cefepimum should not be used in patients who are allergic to cefepime or other cephalosporin antibiotics. It should also not be used in patients with a history of seizures or renal impairment. Patients with liver or kidney disease should be monitored closely while taking Cefepimum.
Interactions
Cefepimum may interact with certain medications, including other antibiotics, and lead to increased side effects or decreased effectiveness. Patients should discuss all other medications they are taking with their doctor before starting Cefepimum.
Disease Interactions
Cefepimum may not be effective in treating certain diseases that are resistant to antibiotics, such as tuberculosis. Patients should tell their doctor about any existing diseases before beginning treatment with Cefepimum.
Drug Interactions
Cefepimum may interact with certain medications, including other antibiotics, and lead to increased side effects or decreased effectiveness. Patients should discuss all other medications they are taking with their doctor before starting Cefepimum.
Food Interactions
Cefepimum should be taken with food for optimal absorption. Patients should take Cefepimum with a full glass of water, and should not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking it.
Pregnancy and Lactation Use
Cefepimum should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation, as the effects of the drug on an unborn or breastfeeding baby are unknown. Patients should discuss the risks and benefits of taking Cefepimum during pregnancy or while breastfeeding with their doctor.
Acute Overdose
If an overdose of cefepime is suspected, contact a poison control center or seek medical attention immediately. Signs and symptoms of acute overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and confusion.
Contraindication
Cefepimum is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also contraindicated in patients who have a history of kidney or liver disease, or who have had a previous reaction to cefepime.
Use Directions
Cefepimum should be taken exactly as directed by a doctor. The dosage and frequency of administration will vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Patients should not take more or less of the prescribed dose or take it for any longer than prescribed. Patients should speak to a doctor before making any changes to the medication or discontinuing it.
Storage Condition
Cefepimum should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed container. It should be kept away from direct light, heat, and moisture. It is important to keep the medication out of reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
Cefepimum has a volume of distribution of 0.32-0.9 L/kg, meaning that the drug is largely distributed to the tissues and fluids of the body.
Half Life
The half-life of Cefepimum is 2-5 hours, meaning that it takes approximately 2-5 hours for the body to eliminate half of the medication. This can vary depending on the patient and the condition being treated.
Clearance
Cefepimum has a clearance of 0.09-0.4 L/kg/hour, meaning that the body eliminates it quickly. Renal and hepatic function can affect the clearance of the drug, so it should be monitored and adjusted as necessary.
Here you find in details version of Cefepimum
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Cefepimum
1. What is Cefepimum used for?
Cefepimum is a type of antibiotic, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It is used to treat bacterial infections in the lungs, blood, skin, abdominal cavity, bladder, and urinary tract. It is also used to treat certain types of pneumonia and meningitis.
2. How do I take Cefepimum?
Cefepimum should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. The standard dosage is two grams by intravenous infusion over a period of two hours every 12 hours or four grams over a period of four hours.
3. What are the side effects of Cefepimum?
The most common side effects of Cefepimum are nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other side effects include headaches, dizziness, and muscle pain. Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
4. What is the best way to store Cefepimum?
Cefepimum should be stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and heat. It should be kept in a tightly closed container.
5. How long does it take for Cefepimum to work?
Cefepimum begins to work within hours of taking it. Most people experience relief from symptoms within 48 hours. However, it is important to finish the entire course of treatment to ensure the bacteria is completely cleared.
6. What should I avoid while taking Cefepimum?
You should avoid activities that may increase your risk of bleeding while taking Cefepimum. You should also avoid taking any other medications without consulting your doctor.
7. Does Cefepimum interact with any other medications?
Cefepimum may interact with certain other medications, including antacids, dairy products, and probenicid. To reduce the chance of interactions, be sure to tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking.
8. Should I avoid alcohol while taking Cefepimum?
Yes, you should avoid alcohol while taking Cefepimum. Alcohol will increase your risk of side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
9. Can Cefepimum be used to treat a UTI?
Yes, Cefepimum is sometimes used to treat a urinary tract infection (UTI). Your doctor will determine if Cefepimum is appropriate to treat your UTI.
10. Is Cefepimum safe to use during pregnancy?
Cefepimum may be used during pregnancy, but only when clearly needed. Be sure to discuss the risks and benefits of taking Cefepimum with your doctor.
11. What should I do if I miss a dose of Cefepimum?
If you miss a dose of Cefepimum, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
12. Is Cefepimum safe for children?
Yes, Cefepimum is safe for children. However, the dosage amount and frequency should be determined by your child’s doctor.
13. Can Cefepimum be used to treat bacterial infections in animals?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat bacterial infections in animals. However, the dosage amount and frequency should be determined by a veterinarian.
14. Can Cefepimum be used to treat both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?
Yes, Cefepimum is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
15. Is it safe to take Cefepimum with Tylenol?
Yes, Cefepimum and Tylenol can be taken together. There are no known interactions between the two medications. However, if you have any questions, be sure to talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
16. Does Cefepimum treat all forms of bacterial infections?
No, Cefepimum is not effective against all forms of bacterial infections. Talk to your doctor about the best treatment option for your condition.
17. Is Cefepimum safe for people with kidney disease?
Yes, Cefepimum is generally safe for people with kidney disease. However, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage if you have any existing kidney problems.
18. What happens if I take an overdose of Cefepimum?
Taking an overdose of Cefepimum can cause serious side effects. If you believe that you have taken an overdose, contact your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
19. Can Cefepimum be used to treat an abscess?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat an abscess if it is caused by a bacterial infection. However, your doctor may prescribe other antibiotics to treat an abscess as well.
20. Can Cefepimum be used to treat a sinus infection?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat a sinus infection if it is caused by a bacterial infection. Your doctor may prescribe other antibiotics as well to treat your sinus infection.
21. Is it safe for pregnant women to take Cefepimum?
Yes, Cefepimum may be used during pregnancy. However, it should only be taken when clearly needed, and the risks and benefits should be discussed with your doctor.
22. Will Cefepimum treat a strep throat?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat a strep throat if it is caused by a bacterial infection. However, it is important to finish the entire course of treatment to ensure the infection is completely cleared.
23. Is Cefepimum covered by my insurance?
This depends on your insurance plan. You should contact your insurance company or pharmacy to find out if Cefepimum is covered by your plan.
24. How long does Cefepimum stay in your system?
Cefepimum is usually eliminated from your system within 2-4 days. However, this may vary depending on factors such as your age, kidney function, and the dosage you take. Be sure to discuss this with your doctor.
25. Can Cefepimum be used to treat a kidney infection?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat a kidney infection if it is caused by a bacterial infection. Your doctor may suggest other antibiotics as well.
26. Can Cefepimum be used to treat a urinary tract infection?
Yes, Cefepimum can be used to treat a urinary tract infection (UTI). Your doctor will determine if Cefepimum is appropriate to treat your UTI.
27. Can Cefepimum be used to treat a bacterial meningitis infection?
Yes, Cefepimum is sometimes used to treat a bacterial meningitis infection. However, if you have a meningitis infection, it is important to discuss the best treatment options with your doctor.
28. Can I take Cefepimum with ibuprofen?
Yes, Cefepimum and ibuprofen can be taken together. However, if you have any questions, be sure to talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
29. Can Cefepimum be used to treat Gonorrhea?
Yes, Cefepimum is sometimes used to treat gonorrhea. However, it is important to discuss your treatment options with your doctor.
30. Is Cefepimum an over-the-counter medication?
No, Cefepimum is not an over-the-counter medication. It is only available with a prescription from your doctor.