4-aminosalicylate
4-aminosalicylate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? 4-aminosalicylate is a brand name. Its generic name is Aminosalicylic acid.
Aminosalicylic Acid
Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA), is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and Crohn's disease. It acts as an inhibitor of bacterial enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing inflammation and symptoms of the two diseases. It is usually taken orally and is available in both immediate release and controlled release formulations.
Uses
Aminosalicylic Acid is used to treat Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. It is sometimes used to prevent pancreatitis in patients with certain immunoglobulin A deficiency, and to protect the kidneys from coronary artery disease.
Mechanism of Action
Aminosalicylic Acid works by decreasing the amount of bacterial enzymes produced in the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to inflammation. This reduces the severity of symptoms associated with both Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Gilber et al. (1995) showed an increase in formation and stability of the bacterial enzyme Crohn’s Disease by inhibition of the 5-ASA. In addition, 5-ASA reduces immunostimulatory protein production and secretion in colonic epithelial cells, thereby minimizing inflammation.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Aminosalicylic Acid usually takes one to two weeks to begin working. However, some patients may experience relief in as little as two days. The drug is typically taken for several weeks or months before the maximum effects are felt.
Absorption, Route of Elimination, Dosage, Administration
Aminosalicylic Acid is typically administered orally. It is generally well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations 30-60 minutes after administration. Elimination is mainly urinary, with most of the dose excreted within 24 hours. The usual adult dose is 4-5mg/kg/day in divided doses. The maximum daily dose is 2400 mg/day
Side Effects
4-aminosalicylate can cause side effects like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, heartburn, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, rash, itching, increased sweating, difficulty sleeping, depression and elevated liver enzymes.
Toxicity
4-aminosalicylate is generally considered to be safe and well tolerated when taken in recommended doses. However, doses higher than 25mg/kg/day have been associated with an increased risk of severe renal toxicity.
Precautions
4-aminosalicylate should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney function disturbances, or those with a history of gastrointestinal obstruction. It should be used with caution in pregnancy or during breastfeeding.
Interactions
4-aminosalicylate may interact with certain drugs, including other anti-inflammatory agents, antacids, warfarin, aspirin and corticosteroids. It should also be used with caution when taken with other drugs that are eliminated through the kidneys.
Disease Interactions
4-aminosalicylate may worsen existing heart and kidney problems and should be used with caution in patients with these conditions. It may also worsen active peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal obstruction. It should not be used in patients with anaphylaxis.
Drug Interaction
4-aminosalicylate may interact with certain drugs including other anti-inflammatory agents, antacids, warfarin, aspirin, and corticosteroids. Patients should be closely monitored when taking more than one medication concomitantly.
Food Interactions
4-aminosalicylate can interact with certain dietary products, including foods and beverages high in caffeine or calcium. Patients should strictly follow any recommendations provided by their physician.
Pregnancy Use
4-aminosalicylate should not be used during pregnancy, unless clearly necessary. If used, the dose should not exceed 2400 mg/day, and the benefits and risks should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
Lactation Use
4-aminosalicylate should be used with caution during breastfeeding, as it may pass into breast milk. If used, the minimum dose should be selected and the benefits and risks discussed with a healthcare professional.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of acute overdose include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, decreased urine output, confusion, tremors, and seizures. If acute overdose is suspected, treatment should be initiated immediately. Gastric lavage or charcoal should be given if possible, followed by supportive care.
Contraindication
4-aminosalicylate should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components. It should also not be used in patients with active G6PD deficiency or anaphylactic reactions.
Use Directions
4-aminosalicylate should be taken exactly as directed by a healthcare professional. The tablet should be taken orally with a full glass of water. It should be taken with or without food, but should not be chewed or crushed. The medication should be taken at regular intervals. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible and the next dose should be spaced 12 hours apart.
Storage Conditions
4-aminosalicylate should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed container, away from light and moisture. It should not be frozen or stored in direct sunlight.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of aminosalicylic acid is approximately 0.17 L/kg. This means that the drug is largely distributed within the body's tissues.
Half Life
The elimination half-life of aminosalicylic acid is 1.5 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of aminosalicylic acid is 7.8 mL/min/kg.
Here you find in details version of 4-aminosalicylate
Some Frequently Asked Questions About 4-aminosalicylate
.What is 4-aminosalicylate?
4-aminosalicylate (also known as para-aminosalicylic acid or PAS) is a type of antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, a bacterial infection. It is usually combined with other medications for an effective tuberculosis treatment.
What is the mechanism of action of 4-aminosalicylate?
4-aminosalicylate works by preventing the formation of a substance called mycolic acid, which is essential for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
What are the side effects of 4-aminosalicylate?
The most common side effects of aminosalicylic acid are gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, more serious side effects can occur, such as rash, fever, or liver and kidney damage.
How is 4-aminosalicylate administered?
4-aminosalicylate is typically administered in the form of a tablet or suspension and is usually taken three times a day with food. It is important to take the medication as directed by your doctor.
Is there an injectable form of 4-aminosalicylate?
Yes, there is an injectable form of aminosalicylic acid, but it is usually only used in cases where the oral form is not effective.
Can 4-aminosalicylate be used to treat other bacterial infections besides tuberculosis?
No, aminosalicylic acid is specific for the treatment of tuberculosis and should not be used for other types of bacterial infections.
When should 4-aminosalicylate be used?
4-aminosalicylate should only be prescribed by a doctor. It should only be used if you have been diagnosed with tuberculosis and your doctor has determined that it is the best treatment option.
Does 4-aminosalicylate interact with other medications?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can interact with other medications, especially other antibacterial medications, so it is important that you tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.
What is the usual dosage of 4-aminosalicylate?
The dosage of aminosalicylic acid will depend on your individual condition and other factors. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you.
How long does it take for 4-aminosalicylate to start working?
4-aminosalicylate usually starts to work within 2 weeks, but it may take longer or shorter depending on individual factors.
Is there an over-the-counter form of 4-aminosalicylate available?
No, aminosalicylic acid is a prescription-only medication and is not available over the counter.
What is the most common form of 4-aminosalicylate available?
The most common form of aminosalicylic acid available is a tablet or suspension, although an injectable form is also available.
Is 4-aminosalicylate safe to use during pregnancy?
4-aminosalicylate should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. If the benefits of using the medication outweigh the potential risks to the baby, your doctor may prescribe it.
What should I do if I miss a dose of 4-aminosalicylate?
If you miss a dose of aminosalicylic acid, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time.
Can I stop taking 4-aminosalicylate suddenly?
No, aminosalicylic acid should not be stopped abruptly, as this can cause serious problems. Your doctor will advise you on the best way to stop taking the medication.
What should I do if I experience side effects from taking 4-aminosalicylate?
If you experience side effects from taking aminosalicylic acid, you should contact your doctor or healthcare provider. They can advise you on the best course of action to take.
Can 4-aminosalicylate be used in children?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can be used in children, but the dosage may need to be adjusted according to their weight and other factors. Your doctor can advise you on the best dosage for your child.
Can I drink alcohol while taking 4-aminosalicylate?
It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking aminosalicylic acid, as it can increase the risk of serious side effects. You should talk to your doctor about drinking alcohol while taking the medication.
Is 4-aminosalicylate covered by insurance?
It depends on your insurance plan and coverage. Consult your insurance provider to find out if aminosalicylic acid is covered.
What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction to 4-aminosalicylate?
If you experience an allergic reaction to aminosalicylic acid, you should stop taking the medication and seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
How long should I take 4-aminosalicylate for?
The length of time you will need to take aminosalicylic acid for will depend on your individual case. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions and take the medication as prescribed.
Can I take other medications while taking 4-aminosalicylate?
It is important to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements that you are taking before starting aminosalicylic acid. Some medications may interact with aminosalicylic acid and should be avoided.
Can 4-aminosalicylate be used to prevent tuberculosis?
No, aminosalicylic acid is used to treat active cases of tuberculosis and should not be used for prevention.
Can 4-aminosalicylate be used to treat chronic tuberculosis?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can be used to treat chronic tuberculosis if it is combined with other medications to form an effective treatment regimen.
Does 4-aminosalicylate cause drowsiness?
4-aminosalicylate can cause drowsiness in some people. If you experience drowsiness, it is important to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.
Is it safe to take 4-aminosalicylate for a long period of time?
4-aminosalicylate is generally safe to use for a long period of time, but it is important to follow your doctor's instructions when taking the medication.
What is the difference between 4-aminosalicylate and Isoniazid?
4-aminosalicylate and isoniazid are both antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis, but they work in different ways. 4-aminosalicylate prevents the formation of mycolic acid in the bacteria, while isoniazid works by preventing the bacteria from making essential amino acids.
What is the cost of 4-aminosalicylate?
The cost of aminosalicylic acid can vary depending on your insurance coverage. Consult your insurance provider to get a better estimate.
Can I take 4-aminosalicylate with other antibiotics?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can be taken with other antibiotics, but it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and only take the medications as directed.
Are there any natural alternatives to 4-aminosalicylate?
No, aminosalicylic acid is a medication and there are no natural or herbal alternatives currently available.
What are the storage requirements for 4-aminosalicylate?
4-aminosalicylate should be stored at room temperature, away from direct light and moisture. It should also be kept out of the reach of children.
Is 4-aminosalicylate safe for people with kidney disease?
4-aminosalicylate should be used with caution in people with kidney disease as it can cause kidney failure. Your doctor can advise you on the best dosage for you.
What is the difference between 4-aminosalicylate and Ethambutol?
4-aminosalicylate and ethambutol are both antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis, but they work in different ways. 4-aminosalicylate prevents the formation of mycolic acid in the bacteria, while ethambutol works by blocking the bacteria's ability to make DNA.
Should I take 4-aminosalicylate with food or on an empty stomach?
4-aminosalicylate should be taken with food to reduce the risk of side effects, such as nausea and vomiting.
Are there any special instructions I should follow before taking 4-aminosalicylate?
Yes, it is important to tell your doctor about any other medications, vitamins, or supplements you are taking before taking aminosalicylic acid. Also, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and take the medication as prescribed by your doctor.
Can 4-aminosalicylate cause liver damage?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can cause liver damage in rare cases. It is important to contact your doctor if you experience any symptoms of liver damage, such as stomach pain, nausea, or yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Can 4-aminosalicylate be used to treat other forms of tuberculosis, such as latent tuberculosis infection?
No, aminosalicylic acid is only effective for active cases of tuberculosis and is not suitable for treating latent tuberculosis infection.
Does 4-aminosalicylate cause fever?
Yes, aminosalicylic acid can cause fever in some people. If you experience a fever while taking aminosalicylic acid, contact your doctor immediately.
How often should I get my liver function tested while taking 4-aminosalicylate?
Your doctor may recommend monitoring your liver function periodically while taking aminosalicylic acid. They may also recommend other tests, such as blood tests, to monitor your condition.