Zoxi

Zoxi Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Zoxi is a brand name. Its generic name is Ceftizoxime.

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Introduction

Zoxi is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is frequently prescribed to treat ear, upper respiratory, urinary tract, skin, bone, and lower respiratory tract infections. Zoxi can also be used for prophylaxis in certain surgical procedures.

Uses

Zoxi is used to treat bacterial infections such as:
  • Ear infections
  • Upper Respiratory tract infections
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Skin infections
  • Bone infections
  • Lower Respiratory tract infections
  • Prophylaxis in certain surgical procedures

Mechanism of Action

Zoxi works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This prevents the bacteria from forming a protective layer around itself, resulting in cell death.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

The duration of treatment will vary depending on the severity of the infection. Improvement in symptoms is generally seen within 48-72 hours after starting treatment.

Absorption

Zoxi is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has an oral bioavailability of 90%.

Route of Elimination

Zoxi is eliminated largely unchanged in the urine by renal excretion. Some fraction of the drug is excreted in bile.

Dosage

The recommended dosage of Zoxi depends on the type of infection and the patient's age and body weight. For adults, the usual dosage is 1 to 2 g of ceftizoxime daily in two to four divided doses. For pediatric patients, the dose is based on weight and is usually between 25 to 100 mg/kg daily.

Administration

Zoxi can be administered orally, intravenously, or intramuscularly. For patients requiring parenteral therapy, the drug should be administered slowly over 3 to 5 minutes as an intravenous infusion, or it can also be administered intramuscularly at the same dose.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Zoxi include:
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Rash
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Joint pain
  • Dizziness

Toxicity

The most common manifestation of Zoxi toxicity is renal impairment, which can manifest as elevated blood urea levels and reduced creatinine clearance. Rarely, more severe reactions such as anaphylaxis have been reported.

Precaution

Zoxi should be used with caution in patients with known renal impairment and in those who have previously had serious reactions to other cephalosporin antibiotics.

Interaction

Concurrent use of Zoxi with certain drugs can result in drug interactions. These include:
  • Anticoagulants
  • Oral Contraceptives
  • Antidiabetic agents
  • Probenecid
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics
  • Phenytoin

Disease Interactions

Zoxi should be used with caution in patients with a history of kidney or liver disease. Additionally, it should be used with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders and those taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Drug Interactions

Drug interactions with Zoxi can occur when it is taken with other medications. These include:
  • Live vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine
  • Anticoagulants
  • Diuretics
  • Antibiotics
  • Antiseizure medications
  • Antineoplastic medications
  • Immunosuppressants

Food Interactions

Zoxi should not be taken with food, as it may decrease the absorption of the medication.

Pregnancy Use

The safety of Zoxi in pregnant women has not been established. Therefore, it should be used with caution in pregnant women as its use could potentially have adverse effects on the fetus.

Lactation Use

There is limited information available on the use of Zoxi while breastfeeding. Mothers should use caution when taking this medication while breastfeeding and seek medical advice from their doctor.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms of an acute overdose may include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity, and convulsions. Treatment of an overdose should consist of supportive care.

Contraindication

Zoxi is contraindicated in patients who have had hypersensitivity or severe anaphylactic reactions to the drug or other cephalosporin antibiotics.

Use Direction

Zoxi should be taken exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider. The medication should be taken with a full glass of water. It should be taken either on an empty stomach or with food, but not milk or dairy products.

Storage Condition

Zoxi should be stored in a tightly closed container, at room temperature and away from light. It should be kept in a dry place and away from moisture.

Volume of Distribution

Zoxi has a volume of distribution of 0.5 to 1.2 L/kg.

Half Life

The half-life of Zoxi is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.

Clearance

Zoxi has an average clearance of 2.4 to 4.4 mL/min/kg.

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Some Frequently Asked Questions About Zoxi

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