Xpovio
Xpovio Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Xpovio is a brand name. Its generic name is Selinexor.
Introduction
Xpovio (aka KPT-330) is an experimental oral medication used to treat certain advanced cancers, including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and advanced solid tumors. It works by blocking the protein XPO1, which in turn blocks the delivery of a special type of cell, called a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), to the cell's nucleus.
Uses for
Xpovio is approved for use in the United States to treat peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasone, and to treat advanced solid tumors when used alone. It has the potential to be used in other cancers, depending on the results of ongoing and future studies.
Mechanism of Action
Xpovio works by blocking the protein XPO1, which prevents the delivery of mRNA to the cell's nucleus. This prevents the cells from producing certain proteins that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and, ultimately, the development of cancer.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Xpovio takes about two days to reach its maximum effect. This means that it takes two days for the medication to reach its maximum effectiveness in blocking XPO1 and preventing the delivery of mRNAs.
Absorption
Xpovio is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reaches peak plasma concentrations within 2 hours.
Route of Elimination
Xpovio is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine. Approximately 35% of an administered dose is eliminated in the urine.
Dosage
The recommended dose of Xpovio is 1.4 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 80 mg) once daily on days 1, 3, and 5 of each 21-day cycle, orally in the morning with food and water. Patients should take selinexor tablets and capsule formulations on an empty stomach one hour prior to or two hours after a meal.
Administration
Xpovio tablets and capsule formulations should be taken orally with food and water once daily on days 1, 3, and 5 of each 21-day cycle. The patient should take the medication one hour prior to or two hours after a meal.
Side Effect
Common side effects of Xpovio include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, anemia, diarrhea, and rash. Other serious side effects include thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), anaphylaxis, and increased risk of death in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Toxicity
In clinical trials, Xpovio has been well tolerated. There is no antidote for Xpovio overdose and treatment should be supportive.
Precaution
Patients taking Xpovio should be monitored for signs or symptoms of thrombocytopenia, anemia, or other hematologic complications. Patients should also be monitored for evidence of hepatic, renal, or pulmonary toxicity.
Interaction
Xpovio may interact with other medications, herbs, or supplements, so be sure to tell your doctor about all of the medications you are taking. Additionally, Xpovio may interact with diet medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine.
Disease Interaction
Patients taking Xpovio should not use it if they have a history of thrombocytopenia or anemia or if they are on anticoagulant therapy. Additionally, patients with renal or hepatic impairment should be monitored closely.
Drug Interaction
Xpovio may interact with other medications, including anticoagulants, HIV protease inhibitors, and medications that are metabolized by CYP3A4. It may also interact with over the counter medications such as vitamin C.
Food Interactions
Xpovio may interact with grapefruit juice, St. John's wort, and products containing caffeine. Patients should be aware of any food or medications that may interact with Xpovio before taking it.
Pregnancy Use
Xpovio is not recommended for use in pregnant women due to the potential risk to the fetus. Women should inform their doctor if they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant before taking Xpovio.
Lactation Use
It is not known if Xpovio passes into breastmilk. Women should consult with their doctor before taking Xpovio while breastfeeding.
Acute Overdose
In the event of an acute overdose of Xpovio, supportive care should be given. Treatment of an acute overdose may also involve gastric lavage or whole bowel irrigation.
Contraindication
Xpovio is contraindicated in patients with a known or suspected hypersensitivity to selinexor or any of its components. In addition, Xpovio is contraindicated in patients with thrombocytopenia, anemia, or other hematologic complications.
Use Direction
Xpovio should be taken orally with water and food, once daily on days 1, 3, and 5 of each 21-day cycle. The patient should take the medication one hour prior to or two hours after a meal. Patients should be monitored for adverse reactions closely.
Storage Condition
Xpovio should be stored at room temperature away from light and moisture. Store in an airtight container and keep out of reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Xpovio is approximately 17 L. This means that the drug distributes rapidly in extracellular and intracellular fluids.
Half Life
The half-life of Xpovio is approximately 8.5 hours. This means that the drug is eliminated from the body within 8.5 hours of taking it.
Clearance
The clearance of Xpovio is estimated to be 44 ml/min. This means that it is rapidly eliminated from the body.
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