Vaxphoid
Vaxphoid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Vaxphoid is a brand name. Its generic name is Typhoid Polysaccharide Vaccine.
Introduction
Typhoid polysaccharide vaccine, also known as TPV or Vi vaccine, is a vaccine against the bacterial illness known as typhoid fever. It is a purified polysaccharide antigen composed of repeating units of Vi capsular polysaccharide from Salmonellae typhi (S. typhi). The vaccine is composed of an oligosaccharide polymer of typosyl that has been characterized by two structural and two biological properties. It provides protection against serovars of S. typhi A, B, and C. Antibodies to the Vi capsular polysaccharide persist for several years and may remain detectable up to seven years after vaccination.
Uses For
TPV is indicated for active immunization against typhoid fever caused by S. typhi in people six years and older. It is mainly indicated for those who will be traveling to an endemic area or for those who have already been exposed to S. typhi. The vaccination should be given one to two weeks prior to exposure.
Mechanism of Action
TPV stimulates the production of specific antibodies to the Vi antigen of S. typhi. These antibodies form a protective barrier that prevents the bacteria from entering the bloodstream. This subsequently prevents the person from becoming infected with the disease.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
It usually takes from seven to ten days for the immunity to be established after the vaccine has been given. This is the time required for the immune system to produce the specific antibodies for protection against S. typhi.
Absorption
TPV is absorbed by the body quickly without breaking down in the gastrointestinal tract. It is generally well-tolerated and has no significant side effects.
Route of Elimination
TPV is eliminated rapidly from the body via the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. It is broken down by the body’s natural enzymes, and is not stored in the body.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of TPV is one 0.5 ml dose intramuscularly. The dose should be administered in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Administration
TPV should be administered intramuscularly in the arm or thigh at a 90-degree angle. The injection site should be cleaned with an alcohol swab prior to injection.
Side Effects
Common side effects of TPV include redness, swelling, and soreness at the injection site, low grade fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. These effects are usually mild and do not last long.
Toxicity
The toxicity of TPV is very low. Serious adverse reactions to the vaccine are rare and mild effects are possible but not cause for concern.
Precautions
TPV should not be given to people who are immunocompromised or who are severely ill. It should also not be given to people with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the vaccine. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult with their health care provider prior to vaccination.
Interactions
TPV can affect certain medications, including antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs. It should not be given in conjunction with these medications without consulting a physician.
Disease Interaction
The vaccine may not be as effective in persons with weakened immune systems. People with HIV, cancer, or other chronic illnesses should consult their physician prior to receiving the vaccine.
Drug Interaction
TPV can interact with certain drugs, resulting in an increased risk of side effects or reduced effectiveness of the vaccine. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of any medications that you are taking prior to receiving the vaccine.
Food Interactions
There are no known food interactions with TPV.
Pregnancy Use
Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult their healthcare provider prior to receiving the vaccine as it is not known if TPV is safe in pregnancy.
Lactation Use
Women who are breastfeeding should consult their healthcare provider prior to receiving the vaccine as it is not known if TPV is safe in lactation.
Acute Overdose
There have been no reported cases of an acute overdose with TPV.
Contraindication
TPV is contraindicated in people who are immunocompromised or who have an allergy or hypersensitivity to the vaccine or any of its components.
Use Direction
TPV should be administered intramuscularly, to the deltoid muscle (upper arm) or the anterolateral thigh muscle. Use a sterile needle and syringe, and do not use with any other vaccines.
Storage Condition
TPV should be stored at room temperature and protected from light. The vaccine should not be frozen and must be used before the expiration date.
Volume of Distribution
The average volume of distribution of TPV is approximately 0.1-0.2 L/kg.
Half Life
The average half-life of TPV is approximately 24 hours.
Clearance
TPV is cleared rapidly from the body with little or no post-vaccination concentrations detected.
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