Tyverb
Tyverb Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Tyverb is a brand name. Its generic name is Lapatinib.
Tyverb Introduction
Tyverb is a targeted chemotherapy agent used to treat certain types of cancer, including HER2-positive breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck cancer. It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, meaning that it works by blocking signals inside cells that make them multiply uncontrollably. By blocking these signals, lapatinib causes the cancer cells to die off without damaging healthy cells.
Uses for Tyverb
Tyverb is primarily used to treat certain types of advanced or metastatic cancer. As a targeted therapy, it is specifically focused on tumors that overexpress certain proteins, such as the HER2 protein, which is overexpressed in some forms of breast cancer. Tyverb is also used in a combination with other targeted therapies to create a more effective treatment plan for certain types of cancers.
Mechanism of Action
Tyverb works by inhibiting certain proteins called tyrosine kinases. These proteins exist inside cells, and when they are activated they cause the cells to divide uncontrollably, which is what leads to the growth of cancerous tumors. By blocking the activity of these tyrosine kinases, lapatinib prevents the cancer cells from multiplying and thus leads to their eventual death.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
The effects of lapatinib can be seen after only a few days of treatment. However, it can take several weeks or even months of consistent treatment before the cancer cells are completely eradicated and the tumor shrinks.
Absorption
Tyverb is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma levels are reached within two hours of dosing with lapatinib.
Route of Elimination
Tyverb is largely excreted by the kidneys, with only 15-22% of the drug eliminated unchanged in the urine. The rest is metabolized by the liver to inactive or less active metabolites which are then excreted in the bile and feces.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of lapatinib is determined by the patient's weight. The typical dosage for adults is 1,250 mg once daily. Patients with significant liver impairment should not take more than 750 mg per day. Tyverb should be taken with a meal and a large glass of water to help improve absorption.
Administration
Tyverb is typically taken orally and the tablets should be swallowed whole with a large glass of water. It is important to take lapatinib with food, as this helps to improve the absorption of the drug into the body. Tyverb can also be given intravenously by a healthcare professional in cases where oral administration is not feasible.
Side Effects
The potential side effects of lapatinib include nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, rash, and anemia. It may also cause the skin or eyes to become more sensitive to sunlight and can increase the risk of certain types of infections. Tyverb can also cause decreases in fertility and has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Toxicity
Tyverb is considered to be a low to moderate toxicity drug. The most common side effects are nausea and fatigue. Serious side effects include inflammation of the pancreas, severe rash, and an increased risk of infection. If these serious side effects occur, it is important to immediately contact a healthcare professional.
Precautions
Tyverb should be used with caution in people with pre-existing liver or kidney disease, as well as in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Patients should also avoid exposure to direct sunlight or tanning beds, and wear protective clothing and sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. It is also important to monitor patient's blood counts and liver enzyme levels during lapatinib therapy.
Interactions
Tyverb has interactions with several other medications, such as antifungals, antibiotics, HIV medications, and aspirin. It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all of the medications the patient is currently taking in order to reduce the risk of any potential interactions or adverse reactions.
Disease Interactions
Tyverb is contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment. It may also interact with certain medications used to treat HIV, heart disease, or diabetes, so it is important to inform the healthcare provider of any existing medical conditions.
Drug Interactions
Tyverb can interact with certain medications, such as antifungals, antibiotics, HIV medications, and aspirin. It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications the patient is currently taking in order to reduce the risk of any potential interactions or adverse reactions.
Food Interactions
Tyverb should be taken with food in order to improve its absorption into the body. Taking the medication with grapefruit juice, however, can increase the risk of side effects, so it is best to avoid grapefruit juice while taking lapatinib.
Pregnancy Use
Tyverb should not be used during pregnancy, as it can cause harm to unborn babies. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should talk to their healthcare provider before starting lapatinib therapy.
Lactation Use
It is not known if lapatinib passes into breast milk, so it is best to avoid breastfeeding while taking the medication.
Acute Overdose
If an overdose of lapatinib occurs, it is important to immediately seek medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Contraindications
Tyverb is contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment. It should also not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women or by children under 18 years of age. Women of childbearing age should also use effective contraception methods while taking lapatinib.
Use Direction
Tyverb should be taken as directed by the healthcare provider. Typically, the recommended dosage is 1,250 mg once daily, taken with food. The dose may need to be adjusted based on the patient's weight or other factors, so it is important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions carefully.
Storage Conditions
Tyverb should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. The tablets should be kept in a secure, locked cabinet out of the reach of children. Discard any medication that has expired or that is no longer needed.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of lapatinib is 21-25 L/kg. This means that the amount of drug that distributes throughout the body is proportional to the patient's average body weight.
Half Life
The half-life of lapatinib is approximately six hours. This means that after six hours, half of the drug is eliminated from the body.
Clearance
The clearance of lapatinib is approximately 4.3 L/h/kg. This means that the rate at which the drug is removed from the body is proportional to the patient's average body weight.
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