Phenobarbituric Acid
Phenobarbituric Acid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Phenobarbituric Acid is a brand name. Its generic name is Phenobarbital.
Phenobarbituric Acid Introduction
Phenobarbituric Acid is a barbiturate with sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and antiarrhythmic properties; it is also used as an adjunct in the management of pain. Phenobarbituric Acid is used in the short-term treatment of severe insomnia. It is also used in seizure disorders, particularly when other medications do not control the seizures.
Uses for Phenobarbituric Acid
Phenobarbituric Acid is primarily used in the treatment of seizure disorders, including partial seizures, tonic-clonic (generalized) seizures, and mixed seizure patterns. It is also used as a sedative-hypnotic and an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of pain.
Mechanism of Action
Phenobarbituric Acid has an encephalodepressant action, possibly via binding to GABAA receptors. This action produces an anxiolytic effect, as well as decreased seizure activity. It also has a tranquilizing effect.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The onset of action of phenobarbital is rapid, usually within minutes, and the duration of action is typically 12-24 hours.
Absorption
Phenobarbituric Acid is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak serum concentrations within 1-2 hours.
Route of Elimination
Phenobarbituric Acid is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidneys. Approximately 70-90% of a dose is eliminated in the urine as glucuronide conjugates within 24 hours.
Dosage
The usual dose for adults is 1.5-3 mg/kg a day in two or three divided doses. The usual dose for children is 2-5 mg/kg a day in two or three divided doses. If the dose is taken twice daily, the dose should be taken at bedtime and at noon for best effects.
Administration
Phenobarbituric Acid should be taken orally with a glass of water. It should be taken with food or milk if GI irritation occurs. The tablets should not be crushed, chewed, or dissolved in liquid.
Side Effects
Common side effects of phenobarbital include confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, impaired coordination, headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and rash. Rarely, phenobarbital can cause an allergic reaction, which may include difficulty breathing, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Toxicity
Overdose of phenobarbital can lead to central nervous system depression, coma, respiratory depression, and death. The symptoms of overdose include confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, tachycardia, and impaired motor coordination.
Precautions
Phenobarbituric Acid should be used with caution in patients with liver disease, as the drug is metabolized in the liver. It should also be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more sensitive to the drug's effects. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of alcoholism or drug addiction.
Interaction
Phenobarbituric Acid may interact with other drugs, including other anticonvulsants, alcohol, antidepressants, and narcotic pain relievers. It may also interact with other substances, such as alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco. These interactions may increase or decrease the effectiveness of the medication.
Disease Interaction
Phenobarbituric Acid may interact with certain diseases, including liver and kidney disease, depression, and mental illness. Patients with any of these conditions should consult their healthcare provider before taking this medication.
Drug Interactions
Phenobarbituric Acid may interact with other medications, including anticonvulsants, antidepressants, anticholinergics, antiarrhythmics, sedatives/hypnotics, warfarin, and other CNS depressants. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are taking before taking phenobarbital.
Food Interactions
Phenobarbituric Acid may interact with certain foods, such as alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any foods they are consuming before taking this medication.
Pregnancy Use
Phenobarbituric Acid should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Patients should inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or planning to become pregnant before taking this medication.
Lactation Use
Phenobarbituric Acid is excreted in breast milk and may cause undesirable effects in a nursing infant. Patients should inform their healthcare provider if they are breastfeeding before taking this medication.
Acute Overdose
An overdose of phenobarbital can be dangerous and may require immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose include confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, tachycardia, impaired motor coordination, and coma. Patients should seek medical attention immediately if they suspect they have overdosed.
Contraindication
Phenobarbituric Acid is contraindicated in patients with allergies to the drug, in patients with severe liver or kidney disease, in those with a history of porphyria, and in those with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Patients should inform their healthcare provider if they have any of these conditions before taking this medication.
Use Direction
Phenobarbituric Acid should be taken orally with a glass of water. The tablets should not be crushed, chewed, or dissolved in liquid. The usual dose for adults is 1.5-3 mg/kg a day in two or three divided doses. The usual dose for children is 2-5 mg/kg a day in two or three divided doses. If the dose is taken twice daily, the dose should be taken at bedtime and at noon for best effects.
Storage Conditions
Phenobarbituric Acid should be stored at room temperature away from light, heat, and moisture. It should be kept out of the reach of children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
Phenobarbituric Acid has a volume of distribution of 1 to 5 L/kg.
Half-Life
The half-life of phenobarbital is 3-6 hours.
Clearance
Phenobarbituric Acid has a clearance of 0.2-0.9 mL/min/kg.
Here you find in details version of Phenobarbituric Acid
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Phenobarbituric Acid
30What is Phenobarbituric Acid?
Phenobarbituric Acid is a long-acting barbiturate drug that is used mainly as an anticonvulsant and sedative. It is also used to treat seizures, insomnia, and other sleep disorders.
How does Phenobarbituric Acid work?
Phenobarbituric Acid works by increasing the action of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate neural activity. By increasing the action of GABA, phenobarbital reduces the activity of nerve cells in the brain, which has a calming and sedative effect.
What are the common side effects of Phenobarbituric Acid?
The most common side effects of Phenobarbituric Acid are drowsiness, fatigue, confusion, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, and difficulty concentrating. More serious side effects include depression, headaches, and rashes.
Who should not take Phenobarbituric Acid?
Phenobarbituric Acid should not be taken by those who have a history of drug or alcohol abuse, are pregnant or breastfeeding, are allergic to barbiturates, have a history of mental illness, have liver or kidney disease, or have low blood pressure.
Is Phenobarbituric Acid addictive?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid has a potential for addiction and dependence, especially when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Those who have a history of drug or alcohol abuse should be monitored closely if taking Phenobarbituric Acid.
How should I take Phenobarbituric Acid?
Phenobarbituric Acid should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. It is usually taken 1-4 times per day, with or without food. Do not take more than the prescribed dose, and do not stop taking the medication without first consulting your doctor.
What are the withdrawal symptoms of Phenobarbituric Acid?
Common withdrawal symptoms of Phenobarbituric Acid include insomnia, anxiety, irritability, tremors, sweating, confusion, and nausea. More severe symptoms may include seizures, hallucinations, and delirium. If you experience any of these symptoms after stopping the medication, contact your doctor immediately.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Phenobarbituric Acid?
If you miss a dose of Phenobarbituric Acid, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose as scheduled. Do not take double doses to make up for a missed one.
How long does it take for Phenobarbituric Acid to start working?
It usually takes 1-4 hours for Phenobarbituric Acid to start working, although it can take longer in some individuals. The effects of the drug can last up to 8 hours.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid interact with other drugs?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can interact with certain drugs and supplements. Before taking Phenobarbituric Acid, tell your doctor about all of the medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements that you are currently taking. Your doctor may change the dose or frequency of your other medications.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Phenobarbituric Acid?
No, you should not drink alcohol while taking Phenobarbituric Acid or any other barbiturates, as drinking alcohol can increase the effects of the drug. Drinking alcohol with Phenobarbituric Acid can cause drowsiness, confusion, and difficulty breathing.
What are the symptoms of an overdose of Phenobarbituric Acid?
Symptoms of an overdose of Phenobarbituric Acid include slow and shallow breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and seizures. If you think that you or someone else has taken too much of this drug, seek medical attention immediately.
Do I need to take special precautions while taking Phenobarbituric Acid?
Yes, you should take special precautions while taking Phenobarbituric Acid. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery while taking this medication. Also, avoid drinking alcohol and using other medications that may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Can I take Phenobarbituric Acid while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, Phenobarbituric Acid is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women. The drug can pass into breast milk and can harm the developing fetus.
Is Phenobarbituric Acid available over the counter?
No, Phenobarbituric Acid is a prescription medication and is not available over the counter.
Can I take Phenobarbituric Acid with other drugs?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can be taken with other drugs such as pain relievers and anti-anxiety medications. Talk to your doctor before taking any medications together.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid affect blood pressure?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can affect blood pressure. If you have a history of low blood pressure, your doctor may monitor your levels closely.
Is Phenobarbituric Acid habit-forming?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid is habit-forming, especially when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. It is important to follow the instructions of your doctor when taking this medication.
What are the long-term effects of Phenobarbituric Acid?
Long-term use of Phenobarbituric Acid can lead to dependency, impaired cognitive functioning, and depression. It is important to talk to your doctor before starting or stopping this medication.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid reduce seizure threshold?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can reduce the seizure threshold in some people, especially those who have a history of seizures. If you have a history of seizures, talk to your doctor before taking this medication.
Can I take other medications while taking Phenobarbituric Acid?
Yes, you can take other medications while taking Phenobarbituric Acid. However, it is important to tell your doctor about all of the other medications and supplements that you are taking, as there is the potential for interactions between drugs.
Should I take Phenobarbituric Acid in the morning or at night?
Phenobarbituric Acid can be taken either in the morning or at night, depending on the dose. Your doctor will recommend the best time to take the medication.
Can Phenobarbituric Acid be used to treat anxiety?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can be used to treat anxiety. However, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking this medication, as it is not intended for long-term use.
Is Phenobarbituric Acid safe for children?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid is approved for use in children over the age of 6 months. However, it is important to talk to your doctor before starting any medication for a child.
Is Phenobarbituric Acid used to treat epilepsy?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid is sometimes used to treat epilepsy. It is important to talk to your doctor before starting or stopping any medication for epilepsy.
How long can I take Phenobarbituric Acid?
You should take Phenobarbituric Acid for as long as your doctor advises, in order to get the most benefit from it. Do not stop taking the medication without discussing it with your doctor.
Can Phenobarbituric Acid cause weight gain?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can cause weight gain in some people. If you experience weight gain while taking the medication, talk to your doctor.
Can Phenobarbituric Acid cause hair loss?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can cause hair loss in some individuals. If you experience hair loss while taking the medication, talk to your doctor.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid cause liver damage?
Yes, long-term use of Phenobarbituric Acid can cause liver damage. If you have a history of liver disease, talk to your doctor before taking this medication.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid interact with birth control?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can interact with some forms of birth control. If you are taking birth control, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking Phenobarbituric Acid.
Can Phenobarbituric Acid be used to treat depression?
No, Phenobarbituric Acid is not recommended for the treatment of depression. It should only be used to treat seizures or other sleep disorders. Talk to your doctor about other medications that may be used to treat depression.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid cause constipation?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can cause constipation. If you experience constipation while taking the medication, talk to your doctor.
Can Phenobarbituric Acid be used to treat insomnia?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can be used to treat insomnia in some cases. However, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking Phenobarbituric Acid for insomnia, as it may not be the best option for everyone.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid interact with other medications?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can interact with other medications. Before taking Phenobarbituric Acid, tell your doctor about all of the medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements that you are currently taking.
What happens if I take too much Phenobarbituric Acid?
Taking too much Phenobarbituric Acid can cause serious side effects such as slow and shallow breathing, confusion, and loss of consciousness. If you think that you or someone else has taken too much of this medication, seek medical attention immediately.
Does Phenobarbituric Acid cause dizziness?
Yes, Phenobarbituric Acid can cause dizziness in some people. If you experience dizziness while taking the medication, talk to your doctor.