Oxyphone
Oxyphone Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Oxyphone is a brand name. Its generic name is Oxymorphone.
Introduction
Oxyphone, an opioid analgesic drug, is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from thebaine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid found in the opium poppy plant which is similar to, but stronger than, morphine.
Uses
Oxyphone is used for moderate to severe pain relief in both short-acting and extended-release forms. It is also used in the maintenance treatment of opioid dependence.
Mechanism of Action
Oxyphone primarily acts on mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, reducing pain signals sent to the brain. It also acts on other receptors such as kappa receptors, leading to a lessening of the overall opioid tolerance.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The onset of action for immediate-release oxymorphone is approximately 15-20 minutes. The half-life of oxymorphone is about 4–5 hours.
Absorption
Oxyphone is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak effect occurring between 30-60 minutes following oral administration.
Route of Elimination
Oxyphone is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism and is excreted in the urine.
Dosage
The usual dose of oxymorphone for adults is 5 to 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. The dose for elderly patients should be adjusted to half the regular dose.
Administration
Oxyphone should be taken orally or by injection. It is most commonly taken orally in the form of immediate-release tablets, extended release tablets, or oral solution.
Side Effect
The most common side effects associated with oxymorphone include nausea, vomiting, constipation, sedation, dizziness, lightheadedness, and headache.
Toxicity
Oxyphone is toxic in high doses and may lead to life-threatening respiratory depression and death. The LD50 (median lethal dose) in mice is 63 mg/kg.
Precautions
Oxyphone should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, mental illness, and/or personal or family history of substance abuse. Patients should be monitored for signs of respiratory depression.
Interactions
Oxyphone may interact with other medications such as anticoagulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. It may also interact with alcohol and illicit drugs.
Disease Interaction
Oxyphone may interact with certain diseases such as head injury, intoxication, hypoventilation, asthma, coma, and seizures.
Drug Interaction
Oxyphone may interact with certain drugs such as benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and bupropion.
Food Interactions
Oxyphone may interact with certain foods such as high-fat meals, grapefruit, and grapefruit juice.
Pregnancy Use
Oxyphone should be used with caution in pregnant women as its use increases the risk of developing neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
LactationUse
Oxyphone should not be used in nursing mothers as its use can cause serious adverse effects in the infant.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of oxymorphone can lead to life-threatening respiratory depression, bradycardia, skeletal muscle flaccidity, unconsciousness, coma, and death.
Contraindication
Oxyphone should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to opioids or oxymorphone or any of its inactive ingredients.
Use Direction
Oxyphone tablets should be taken with a full glass of water. The dose should only be taken when necessary and should not be taken more than every 4-6 hours. If side effects occur, the dose should be adjusted as necessary.
Storage Condition
Store oxymorphone tablets at room temperature, between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C). Keep away from moisture and heat.
Volume of Distribution
Oxyphone has a volume of distribution of 3.7 L/kg.
Half Life
The plasma half-life of oxymorphone is 4-5 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of oxymorphone is 116 mL/min/kg.
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