Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Nitrofurantoin is a brand name. Its generic name is Nitrofurantoin.

Introduction

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic medication used primarily to treat bladder infections. It's used to treat most types of urinary tract infections in both adults and children. It works by stopping bacteria from growing in the bladder and urinary system.

Uses of Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin is used to treat urinary tract infections, including cystitis and bladder infections. It is also used to prevent recurrence of these infections.

Mechanism of Action

Nitrofurantoin works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes essential for the synthesis of DNA and cell wall production. This prevents bacteria from producing new cells and stops their growth.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

Nitrofurantoin usually takes 2 to 3 days to start working. Some people may notice improvement after only one day.

Absorption

Nitrofurantoin is only partially and slowly absorbed into the blood after being taken orally. Its concentration in the blood is typically low.

Route of Elimination

Nitrofurantoin is primarily eliminated in urine. It is excreted in the urine as a mixture of unchanged drug and its metabolites.

Dosage

Nitrofurantoin is available in the form of tablets, capsules, and suspension. It is usually taken two or three times a day for 5 to 10 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

• Adults and children 12 years and over: 100 mg twice a day for 7 days.
• Children 11 years and younger: 5 mg/kg/day (up to a maximum of 100 mg/day) for 7 days.

Administration

Nitrofurantoin should be taken at least 2 hours after eating and on an empty stomach. It should also be taken with plenty of fluids to help reduce the risk of crystals forming in the urine.

Side Effects

Common side effects of nitrofurantoin include nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, rash, and abdominal pain. It can also cause diarrhea and changes in blood tests.

Toxicity

Nitrofurantoin is generally well tolerated and has a low risk of toxicity. However, overdose or misuse can lead to serious side effects such as kidney damage and anemia.

Precautions

It is important to follow your doctor's instructions when taking nitrofurantoin. Do not take more than your prescribed dose and take it with plenty of fluids to reduce the risk of kidney stones forming.

Interactions

Nitrofurantoin may interact with certain medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins. Before taking this medication, be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking.

Disease Interactions

Nitrofurantoin may interact with certain chronic medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease or anemia. It is important to tell your doctor about any chronic conditions before taking this medication.

Drug Interactions

Nitrofurantoin may interact with common medications such as antacids, laxatives, and vitamins. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking before taking this medication.

Food Interactions

Nitrofurantoin should be taken on an empty stomach. It should not be taken with food or milk.

Pregnancy Use

Nitrofurantoin should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of taking this medication with your doctor.

Lactation Use

It is not known if nitrofurantoin passes into breast milk. Therefore, it should be used with caution in nursing mothers.

Acute Overdose

An overdose of nitrofurantoin can lead to serious side effects, including kidney damage and anemia. If you think you have taken too much of this medication, seek medical help immediately.

Contraindications

Nitrofurantoin should not be used in people with certain conditions such as kidney disease, anemia, certain blood disorders, and allergies to nitrofurantoin or similar medications.

Use Directions

Nitrofurantoin should be taken with plenty of fluids to prevent kidney stones forming and should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours after eating. It should be used for the full prescribed amount of time.

Storage Conditions

Nitrofurantoin should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct light or moisture. Keep the container tightly closed and away from children.

Volume of Distribution

Nitrofurantoin has a volume of distribution of about 0.6-1 L/kg.

Half Life

The elimination half-life of nitrofurantoin is about 2-4 hours.

Clearance

The clearance of nitrofurantoin from the body is about 25-29 mL/min/kg.

Here you find in details version of Nitrofurantoin

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Nitrofurantoin

What is Nitrofurantoin?

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic medication prescribed to treat urinary tract infections. It works by killing the bacteria that causes the infection.

How does Nitrofurantoin work?

Nitrofurantoin works by killing the bacteria that causes the urinary tract infection. It is an antibacterial that inhibits the growth of bacteria by interfering with its cell wall synthesis.

What is the generic name for Nitrofurantoin?

The generic name for Nitrofurantoin is Nitrofurantoin Mono/Macro.

Who should not take Nitrofurantoin?

People with liver problems, kidney problems, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, or those taking an antibiotic such as methenamine should not take Nitrofurantoin.

What are the side effects of Nitrofurantoin?

Side effects of Nitrofurantoin can include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Rare side effects may include an allergic reaction, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or a rash.

What is the recommended dosage for Nitrofurantoin?

The recommended dosage for Nitrofurantoin will vary depending on the age and weight of the patient, the type and severity of the infection, and other medical conditions. Follow your doctor's instructions for taking the medication.

Is Nitrofurantoin safe?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin is generally safe to take, but it is important to take it exactly as prescribed. Some people may experience side effects or an allergic reaction to the medication. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns.

How long does it take for Nitrofurantoin to work?

It typically takes about 1-3 days for Nitrofurantoin to start working and approximately 7-14 days for the full effects to take place. If your symptoms do not improve after taking the medication for 7 days, call your doctor to discuss alternative treatment options.

Does Nitrofurantoin treat all types of infections?

No, Nitrofurantoin is specifically used to treat urinary tract infections. It will not work against viral infections such as colds or flu.

Does Nitrofurantoin interact with other medications?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can interact with other medications. You should always tell your doctor about all of the other medications you are taking, including vitamins, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Nitrofurantoin?

If you miss a dose of Nitrofurantoin, take the missed dosage as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.

What is the most common complaint about Nitrofurantoin?

The most common complaint about Nitrofurantoin is gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Should I take Nitrofurantoin with food?

Nitrofurantoin can be taken with or without food. Taking the medication with food may help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Does Nitrofurantoin have any long-term side effects?

Long-term side effects of Nitrofurantoin are rare. However, it is possible that long-term use of the medication can cause liver or kidney damage. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking Nitrofurantoin.

What type of bacteria does Nitrofurantoin treat?

Nitrofurantoin is mainly used to treat infections caused by certain types of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

What forms does Nitrofurantoin come in?

Nitrofurantoin is available in oral capsule, oral suspension, and oral tablet forms.

What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction while taking Nitrofurantoin?

If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction while taking Nitrofurantoin, such as hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, or rash, stop taking the medication and call your doctor immediately.

Who manufactures Nitrofurantoin?

Nitrofurantoin is manufactured by several pharmaceutical companies, including Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, and Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Can Nitrofurantoin cause a yeast infection?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can cause a yeast infection. This is more likely to occur in people who are taking antibiotics for a long period of time. Symptoms of a yeast infection include itching, burning, or swelling in the genital or anal area.

Is Nitrofurantoin an over-the-counter medication?

No, Nitrofurantoin is only available with a prescription from your doctor.

How long should I take Nitrofurantoin for?

The length of treatment with Nitrofurantoin will depend on the type of infection being treated and other medical conditions. In most cases, it is recommended to take the medication for 7-14 days.

How long can I take Nitrofurantoin?

There is no maximum recommended length of treatment with Nitrofurantoin. However, your doctor may recommend that you take the medication for a certain period of time or until the infection is completely cleared.

Does Nitrofurantoin have any drug interactions?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can interact with certain drugs. It is important to tell your doctor about all the other medications you are taking, including vitamins, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.

Can Nitrofurantoin be taken with food?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can be taken with food. Taking the medication with food may help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Is Nitrofurantoin safe for pregnant women?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin is generally safe for pregnant women. However, it is important to talk to your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Your doctor can help you determine if it is safe for you to take Nitrofurantoin.

Can Nitrofurantoin cause blood in the urine?

Yes, it is possible that Nitrofurantoin can cause blood in the urine. If you experience this side effect while taking the medication, contact your doctor.

Can Nitrofurantoin be used for a bladder infection?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, including bladder infections.

Is Nitrofurantoin metabolized in the liver?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin is metabolized in the liver. People with liver problems should not take Nitrofurantoin.

Does Nitrofurantoin need to be taken with water?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin should always be taken with plenty of water. It is important to drink plenty of fluids while taking the medication to help reduce the risk of side effects.

Is Nitrofurantoin safe for children?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can be used to treat urinary tract infections in children. However, the dosage and frequency should be determined by your doctor.

Does Nitrofurantoin have an expiration date?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin has an expiration date. Check the label on your medication for the expiration date and do not use the medicine after it has expired.

Does Nitrofurantoin have any interactions with food?

No, Nitrofurantoin does not have any interactions with food. However, it is important to take the medication as prescribed and not to miss any doses.

When should I start to feel better after taking Nitrofurantoin?

It typically takes about 1-3 days for Nitrofurantoin to start working and approximately 7-14 days for the full effects to take place. If your symptoms do not improve after taking the medication for 7 days, call your doctor.

Can Nitrofurantoin be used to treat a kidney infection?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can be used to treat a kidney infection. It is important to take the medication as prescribed and to complete the full course of treatment in order to successfully treat the infection.

Can I take Nitrofurantoin if I am allergic to penicillin?

Yes,Nitrofurantoin can be taken if you are allergic to penicillin. However, you should talk to your doctor before taking this medication if you have any allergies or are taking any other medications.

Can you drink alcohol while taking Nitrofurantoin?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Nitrofurantoin. Alcohol can make the side effects of the medication worse and may interfere with its effectiveness.

Can Nitrofurantoin cause constipation?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can cause constipation. If you experience constipation while taking the medication, talk to your doctor about ways to relieve the symptoms.

Is Nitrofurantoin waterproof?

No, Nitrofurantoin is not waterproof. It is important to take the medication as prescribed and to avoid any activities that could lead to the medication becoming wet or diluted.

What other medications can be used to treat a urinary tract infection?

Other antibiotics that can be used to treat urinary tract infections include ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and sulfamethoxazole. Your doctor will help you determine the best medication for your specific infection.

Can Nitrofurantoin be taken with ibuprofen?

Yes, Nitrofurantoin can be taken with ibuprofen. However, it is important to tell your doctor about all the other medications/supplements you are taking so that they can make sure there are no interactions between them.