Metoclopramida
Metoclopramida Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Metoclopramida is a brand name. Its generic name is Metoclopramide.
Metoclopramida
Metoclopramida is a medication used to treat nausea, vomiting, reflux, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It is a dopamine antagonist, which means it blocks a certain type of dopamine receptors in the brain and indirectly causes stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is also commonly used to increase motility in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Uses for Metoclopramida
Metoclopramida is used to treat symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux, such as heartburn, feeling of fullness, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Other uses for the medication include the prevention of vomiting caused by certain medical procedures, treating symptoms of gastroparesis, treating ulcers and solving gastric emptying disorders. Additionally, it can be used to increase motility in the stomach, trigger lactation, and treat tension headaches.
Mechanism of Action
Metoclopramida works by blocking D2 dopamine receptors in the brain, which leads to stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract. It also inhibits acetylcholine release in the stomach, which increases motility. The drug increases production of gastric acid and increases the rate of gastric emptying into the small intestine.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Metoclopramida typically starts to work within 1-4 hours of taking the medication, depending on the route of administration. The maximum effect of the drug may take several days to be achieved.
Absorption
Metoclopramida is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with the absolute bioavailability of 7 to 8%. The maximum absorption is achieved within 4 to 6 hours of taking the medication. The absorption is not affected by the food, although the rate of absorption is delayed when taken with a meal.
Route of Elimination
Metoclopramida is eliminated from the body mainly through the kidneys, with no significant metabolism. It is also excreted in the bile and in the breast milk in small amounts.
Dosage
Metoclopramida is typically given in oral and intramuscular doses. For treatment of nausea and vomiting, the recommended dose is 5 mg by mouth or by injection three times daily. For treatment of reflux, the recommended dose is 5 to 10 mg once daily. To increase motility in the esophagus and stomach, the recommended dose is 5 to 10 mg four times daily. To solve gastric emptying disorders, the recommended dose is 0.5 to 2 mg/kg per day.
Administration
Metoclopramida can be given orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, and subcutaneously. It is usually taken by mouth as a tablet or syrup. It can also be given as an injection or through a gastric tube.
Side Effects
Common side effects of metoclopramide include headache, dry mouth, diarrhea, insomnia, restlessness, and dizziness. Other side effects may include muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, confusion, anxiety, depression, and a feeling of nervousness. In some cases, metoclopramide may cause an increase in blood pressure.
Toxicity
Metoclopramida is considered generally safe when taken at recommended doses. However, the drug can cause serious side effects if taken in larger doses than recommended. Some of these side effects include seizures, abnormal heart rhythms, and hallucinations. It is also known to interact with certain medications and cause serious health problems.
Precautions
Metoclopramida should be taken with caution in patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid disorders, kidney or liver diseases, and seizures. It should also be used with caution in children and elderly patients. Patients should be monitored regularly while taking the drug.
Interactions
Metoclopramida may interact with other medications such as anticonvulsants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), antipsychotics, antacids, anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines. It can also interact with alcohol, caffeine, and certain herbs and supplements.
Disease Interaction
Metoclopramida may interact with certain conditions such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, liver or kidney diseases, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder. It is also known to increase the risk of seizures in certain patients with genetic conditions.
Drug Interaction
Metoclopramida may interact with other drugs such as antacids, antibiotics, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, opioids, benzodiazepines, and lithium. It should be used with caution in patients taking these medications.
Food Interactions
Metoclopramida may interact with certain foods such as alcohol, caffeinated beverages, chocolate, and certain herbs and supplements. It is important to consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking the medication with food.
Pregnancy Use
Metoclopramida should be used with caution during pregnancy and should not be used during the third trimester. There is some evidence that the medication may cause harm to the fetus. It is important to consult your doctor before using the medication during pregnancy.
Lactation Use
Metoclopramida should not be used by breastfeeding mothers as it may cause serious side effects in the infant. It is important to consult your doctor before taking the medication.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of an acute overdose of metoclopramide may include restlessness, agitation, confusion, seizures, tremor, delirium, and memory loss. Seek medical attention immediately if an overdose is suspected.
Contraindication
Metoclopramida should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. It should also not be used in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy. It should also not be used in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Use Direction
Metoclopramida should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. It is important to follow the instructions in the prescription label. The medication must not be taken in larger or smaller amounts than recommended. The medication may take a few days to begin to work.
Storage Condition
Metoclopramida should be stored at room temperature away from direct heat and light. This medication should be kept away from children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of metoclopramide is 29 liters. This means that the drug is distributed throughout the body.
Half Life
The half-life of metoclopramide is 4 to 6 hours. This means that half of the drug will be eliminated from the body in this time.
Clearance
The clearance of metoclopramide is 0.59 liters/hour, meaning that the drug is eliminated from the body at this rate.
Here you find in details version of Metoclopramida
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Metoclopramida
What is Metoclopramida?
Metoclopramida is a prescription medicine used to treat certain conditions in the stomach and intestines. It works by speeding up the movements in the digestive tract, allowing food to be digested more quickly.
What is Metoclopramida used for?
Metoclopramida is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including heartburn, and gastroparesis (slow stomach emptying). It is also used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by other drugs.
How do I take Metoclopramida?
Metoclopramida should be taken orally, typically with or without food. Follow your doctor's instructions for dosage and any special instructions for taking this medicine.
What are the possible side effects associated with Metoclopramida?
The most common side effects associated with Metoclopramida are headache, dizziness, sleepiness, restlessness, extrapyramidal disorder, a decrease in white blood cells, and may disclose growth hormone. More serious side effects may include allergic reactions, chest pain, confusion, fever, difficulty breathing, and development of abnormal sensations.
Is Metoclopramida safe for long-term use?
Metoclopramida is safe for long-term use, though it is not recommended for individuals with certain underlying medical conditions. Consult your health care provider to determine if Metoclopramida is safe for use in your particular case.
Will Metoclopramida interact with other medications?
Yes. Metoclopramida can interact with many other medications, including antidiabetic medicines, phenytoin, phenobarbital, lithium, antifungals, antiviral drugs, and estrogen. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking before taking Metoclopramida.
Does Metoclopramida cause weight gain?
Metoclopramida can cause weight gain in some patients, but this is not a common side effect. If you take Metoclopramida and experience weight gain, contact your healthcare provider for further instructions.
Can I take Metoclopramida while pregnant?
As Metoclopramida may cause serious side effects when taken during pregnancy, it should not be taken by pregnant women unless directed to do so by their healthcare provider. Make sure to discuss any potential risks with your healthcare provider before taking Metoclopramida during pregnancy.
When should I take Metoclopramida?
Metoclopramida should typically be taken 30 minutes before a meal. Talk to your healthcare provider for specific instructions regarding when to best take Metoclopramida.
How long does Metoclopramida take to start working?
For most people, the effects of Metoclopramida will begin to be felt within 1 to 3 hours after taking the medicine. However, it may take up to 5 days for the full effects to take place.
Can Metoclopramida be taken with food?
It is recommended to take Metoclopramida 30 minutes before eating. Although, it is okay to take Metoclopramida with food, it may not be as effective at speed up the stomach emptying process.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Metoclopramida?
If you miss a dose of Metoclopramida, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, then just skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Can I overdose on Metoclopramida?
Yes, it is possible to overdose on Metoclopramida. If you take too much, contact your healthcare provider or poison control center right away. Symptoms of a Metoclopramida overdose include restlessness, confusion, drowsiness, and muscle contractions.
What should I avoid while taking Metoclopramida?
It is important to avoid alcohol while taking as Metoclopramida can cause an elevation of alcohol levels in your body, resulting in more side effects. It is also important to avoid activities that could increase your risk of falling or getting injured while taking Metoclopramida.
Is Metoclopramida available in generic form?
Yes, Metoclopramida is available in generic form. Talk to your healthcare provider or pharmacist about the best options for generic Metoclopramida.
Are there any natural alternatives to Metoclopramida?
Yes, there are natural alternatives to Metoclopramida that may be effective in treating symptoms of GERD and gastroparesis. These alternatives include ginger, peppermint tea, licorice root, chamomile, and glutamine. Consult your healthcare provider for more information on natural alternatives to Metoclopramida.
Can Metoclopramida be used to treat nausea caused by chemotherapy?
Yes, Metoclopramida can be used to treat nausea caused by chemotherapy. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any potential side effects and risks associated with taking Metoclopramida while receiving chemotherapy.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking Metoclopramida?
It is important to tell your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you are currently taking, any known allergies, any history of seizures or epilepsy, as well as any medical conditions you may have. Be sure to also tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning on becoming pregnant.
Is Metoclopramida habit forming?
No, Metoclopramida is not habit forming. However, it is important not to increase the dosage of Metoclopramida without consulting your healthcare provider.
Can Metoclopramida be used to treat constipation?
No, Metoclopramida is not recommended for the treatment of constipation. Talk to your healthcare provider about other treatment options for constipation.
What are the most common interactions of Metoclopramida?
The most common drug interactions of Metoclopramida include phenytoin, phenobarbital, lithium, antifungals, antiviral drugs, and estrogens. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are currently taking before starting Metoclopramida.
Is Metoclopramida used to treat diabetic gastroparesis?
Yes, Metoclopramida is used to treat diabetic gastroparesis, which is a condition that affects the rate at which food exits the stomach. Take Metoclopramida as directed by your healthcare provider in order to properly treat diabetic gastroparesis.
Is Metoclopramida a prokinetic medication?
Yes, Metoclopramida is a prokinetic medication, meaning it facilitates the movement of food through the gastrointestinal system. It can also help to reduce symptoms of GERD and nausea.
Can Metoclopramida help improve my appetite?
Yes, Metoclopramida can help improve your appetite. It is believed to increase the release of the hormone cholecystokinin, which triggers a feeling of fullness in the stomach and can increase appetite.
Can Metoclopramida cause arrhythmias?
Yes, Metoclopramida can cause arrhythmias when taken in high doses. If you experience an irregular heartbeat or any other symptoms of an arrhythmia while taking Metoclopramida, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Can Metoclopramida cause sleepiness?
Yes, Metoclopramida can cause sleepiness as a side effect. If you experience excessive sleepiness while taking Metoclopramida, contact your healthcare provider.
Can I take Metoclopramida with ibuprofen?
Yes, it is safe to take Metoclopramida with ibuprofen. However, if you are taking any other medications or supplements, it is important to ask your healthcare provider before taking Metoclopramida with ibuprofen.
Should I take Metoclopramida on an empty stomach?
It is recommended to take Metoclopramida 30 minutes before a meal. It may be less effective if taken on an empty stomach.
Can Metoclopramida be used to treat hiccups?
Yes, Metoclopramida can be used to effectively treat hiccups. Your healthcare provider will recommend the appropriate dosage for treating hiccups.
Which conditions may interfere with the effectiveness of Metoclopramida?
Conditions such as hypothyroidism, liver disease, kidney disease, or certain electrolyte imbalances can interfere with the effectiveness of Metoclopramida. Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions.
How long does it take for Metoclopramida to reach peak effect?
For most people, the effects of Metoclopramida will typically be seen within 1 to 3 hours after taking the medicine. However, it can take up to 5 days for Metoclopramida to reach its peak effect.
Can Metoclopramida cause tardive dyskinesia?
Yes, there is a risk of developing tardive dyskinesia when taking Metoclopramida. Talk to your healthcare provider about the risk associated with taking Metoclopramida and what symptoms to look for in order to recognize the side effect early.
Should I take Metoclopramida with food or on an empty stomach?
It is generally recommended to take Metoclopramida 30 minutes before a meal. However, it is okay to take Metoclopramida with food, but it may not be as effective at speeding up the stomach emptying process.
Does Metoclopramida affect the production of serotonin?
Yes, Metoclopramida has been known to interfere with the production of serotonin in some patients. Talk to your healthcare provider about the potential risks of taking Metoclopramida if you are taking a medication that affects serotonin levels.
Can Metoclopramida be used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?
Yes, Metoclopramida can be used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, though it should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Talk to your doctor about any increased risks associated with taking Metoclopramida while pregnant.
What should I do if I experience any serious side effects while taking Metoclopramida?
If you experience any serious side effects while taking Metoclopramida, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, fever, confusion, or abnormal sensations, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Can I take Metoclopramida while breastfeeding?
Although not recommended, it is safe for most women to take Metoclopramida while breastfeeding. Talk to your healthcare provider about any potential risks associated with taking Metoclopramida while breastfeeding.
Can Metoclopramida affect my hormones?
Yes, Metoclopramida can affect your hormones, particularly the release of growth hormone. Monitor your hormone levels closely if you take Metoclopramida for an extended period of time.
Does Metoclopramida affect the absorption of other medications?
Yes, Metoclopramida may affect the absorption of certain medications, including antifungals, antiviral drugs, and estrogens. Speak to your healthcare provider about the potential for interactions with other medications.
Can Metoclopramida elevate my blood pressure?
High doses of Metoclopramida can cause a temporary increase in blood pressure. Talk to your healthcare provider about your concerns to find out if Metoclopramida is right for you.