Hydromorphone Hp Forte
Hydromorphone Hp Forte Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Hydromorphone Hp Forte is a brand name. Its generic name is Hydromorphone.
Hydromorphone Hp Forte
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine, used to treat severe to moderate pain. It is available by mouth, injection and as suppositories. It is most often administered in tablet, liquid or rectal form.
Uses for
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative pain, cancer pain and neuropathic pain. It can also be used in the management of acute and chronic pain syndromes, including restless legs, chronic headaches, fibromyalgia and diabetic neuropathy.
Mechanism of Action
Hydromorphone Hp Forte works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, thereby decreasing the perception of pain. Hydromorphone Hp Forte acts by both agonizing and antagonizing ยต-opioid receptors, which are located throughout the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. The binding of hydromorphone to these receptors results in pain relief.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
The onset of action of intravenous hydromorphone is rapid (approximately 2-3 minutes) and peak effects are typically seen within 15 minutes. The duration of action after an intravenous dose is between 3 and 5 hours. The onset of action after an oral dose is slower (approximately 30 minutes) and peak effects are usually seen within 1-2 hours. Oral hydromorphone has an average duration of action of 4-6 hours.
Absorption
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is rapidly and completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. The absolute oral bioavailability can range between 53-86% depending on the dose and formulation.
Route of Elimination
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, with a small fraction excreted in the feces. Approximately 15% of the drug is metabolized in the liver before elimination in the urine.
Dosage
The total daily dose of hydromorphone should be adjusted according to the severity of pain and the response of the patient. The usual starting dose is 2.5 mg to 10 mg every four hours as needed for pain. The maximum daily dose is up to 120 mg.
Administration
Hydromorphone Hp Forte can be administered orally, intramuscularly, intravenously or through rectal suppositories. When taken orally, the drug should be taken with or without food. When administered intramuscularly or intravenously, the drug should be injected slowly over 3-5 minutes.
Side Effects
Common side effects of hydromorphone include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, decreased sex drive, and difficulty breathing. More serious side effects may include low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, shallow breathing, confusion, extreme tiredness, convulsions, and loss of consciousness.
Toxicity
The toxic effects of hydromorphone can occur in cases of overdose or prolonged use. Toxic effects may include extreme drowsiness, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, breathing issues, coma or even death. In cases of overdose; seek medical help immediately.
Precaution
Patients taking hydromorphone should be observed for signs of over-sedation, confusion or respiratory depression. Patients should not drink alcoholic beverages or take other central nervous system depressants (e.g., sleeping pills, narcotic pain medications) while taking hydromorphone. Hydromorphone Hp Forte is not recommended for use in patients with a head injury, impaired kidney or liver function, severe respiratory problems, or severe impairment of circulation.
Interaction
Hydromorphone Hp Forte interacts with other drugs, including non-prescription medications and products containing alcohol, and may increase the risk of serious adverse drug reactions. It should not be taken with other opioid analgesics, sedatives or hypnotics.
Disease Interaction
Hydromorphone Hp Forte has been known to cause respiratory depression in patients with COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, or other conditions affecting respiration. It should be used with caution in patients with any condition that impairs breathing. It can also increase the risk of falls in elderly patients.
Drug Interaction
Hydromorphone Hp Forte can interact with other drugs, including certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, muscle relaxants, and antipsychotic medications. It can also interact with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including certain antihistamines, antiemetics, anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic medications.
Food Interactions
Grapefruit juice should be avoided while taking hydromorphone as it can increase the concentration of the drug in the blood. Certain foods, such as cheese, alcohol and caffeine can also cause interactions with hydromorphone.
Pregnancy Use
Hydromorphone Hp Forte should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. Hydromorphone Hp Forte can be passed through breast milk to the baby, and therefore use during lactation is also not recommended.
Lactation Use
Hydromorphone Hp Forte should not be used during lactation. The drug is passed through breast milk to the baby and could increase the risk of adverse effects.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of hydromorphone can cause severe respiratory depression, decreased heart rate and apnea. In cases of suspected overdose, seek medical help immediately.
Contraindication
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to hydromorphone, opioid agonists, or any of the inactive ingredients present in hydromorphone tablets or injection.
Use Direction
Hydromorphone Hp Forte should be used exactly as prescribed by the doctor. It should not be used more frequently or in larger doses than what has been prescribed. The tablet should be taken with a full glass of water. Do not crush, chew or break the tablet but take it whole.
Storage Condition
Hydromorphone Hp Forte should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, light and moisture. The tablets should be stored in the original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of hydromorphone is approximately 7 liters/kilogram. Hydromorphone Hp Forte has a high volume of distribution, which suggests that a large proportion of the drug is distributed in tissues.
Half Life
The elimination half-life of hydromorphone is 2-4 hours. However, this can be affected by factors such as age and renal function.
Clearance
Hydromorphone Hp Forte is extensively metabolized in the liver by both cytochrome P450 enzymes and glucuronidation. The clearance is approximately 6 liters/hour.
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