Enflurano
Enflurano Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Enflurano is a brand name. Its generic name is Enflurane.
etcEnflurano Introduction
Enflurano (also known as Ethrane) is a halogenated anesthetic drug used for general or local anaesthesia. It is a volatile, colorless liquid and is one of the most potent halogenated anesthetic agents. It is a non-flammable, non-explosive and inhalational anesthetic that, when vaporized, has a sweet, pungent odor. Enflurano is classified as an inhalation anesthetic and is used during different types of surgical procedures.Uses For
Enflurano is mainly used during surgery as an inhalation anesthetic for general anesthesia or local anesthesia. It is mostly used when surgery involves the chest and abdominal areas, due to its potent effects and intense pain relief. It may be used as the sole anesthetic, or in combination with other agents.Mechanism Of Action
Enflurano reduces excitation in both neuronal cells and muscles cells. It does this by interacting with neuronal and muscle cell membranes, causing a decrease in electrical excitability. It binds to and modulates the chloride channels in cell membranes, and this increases the duration of time the neuron takes to reach equilibrium potential. It also increases and prolongs the time the channels remain closed, which reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released.How Long Does It Take To Work
Enflurano usually takes between two and five minutes for the patient to become sedated. The amount of time it takes to become completely anesthetized depends on the patient and the dosage given.Absorption
Inhaling Enflurano enables it to be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs. The rate of absorption is dependent on the concentration of the anesthetic gas.Route Of Elimination
Enflurano is primarily eliminated through the lungs during exhalation. Most of it is also eliminated through metabolism in the liver, and traces are eliminated through metabolism in the kidney.Dosage
Enflurano is supplied as an inhalational anesthetic liquid in sealed bottles or copper-colored cylinders, in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 8%. The precise dosage is decided by the anesthesiologist on a case-by-case basis.Administration
Enflurano is administrated as a volatile liquid or vapor during surgery through an inhalant administration system and/or an endotracheal tube. It should be administered by a trained individual, such as a physician with experience in administering general anesthesia.Side Effects
The side effects of Enflurano include dizziness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, agitation, confusion, changes in blood pressure, and depressed ventilation. Other rare side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, increased salivation, allergies, bradycardia, hypotension, and arrythmias.Toxicity
Enflurano is considered a relatively safe anesthetic drug when administered by experienced clinicians, however, over-exposure to the drug can lead to toxicity. Symptoms of Enflurano toxicity include coughing, shortness of breath, increased body temperature, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate).Precaution
When using Enflurano it is especially important to closely monitor the patient's vital signs and responses to the drug. Careful consideration should be given to the patient's age, pre-existing medical conditions, and the type and length of the surgery planned.Interaction
Enflurano may interact with several other drugs, such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergics. These interactions can increase the sedative effects of the drug. Additionally, alcohol and other CNS depressants may interact with Enflurano, enhancing the depressant effects on the CNS.Disease Interaction
Patients with myasthenia gravis, respiratory depression, and other neuomuscular diseases may be more sensitive to the effects of Enflurano and may require reduced doses. Additionally, patients with hypothyroidism, renal, hepatic, and cardiovascular diseases may require special precautions when administering this drug.Drug Interaction
When administered concomitantly with other drugs, Enflurano may interact with drugs such as morphine, neuromuscular blockers, general anesthetics, and other CNS depressants.Food Interactions
There are no known food interactions with Enflurano.Pregnancy Use
Enflurano should be used with caution in pregnant women. The use of Enflurano during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is not recommended unless absolutely necessary. During the third trimester, Enflurano should only be administered when the benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.Lactation Use
Enflurano is excreted in the breast milk, so caution should be taken when using this drug in breastfeeding women.Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of Enflurano can be life-threatening and can cause serious symptoms such as respiratory depression, hypotension, and central nervous system depression. Treatment of an acute overdose should include supportive therapies such as assisted ventilation, intravenous fluids, and resuscitation.Contraindication
Enflurano is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity and/or severe bronchospasm, severe hepatic impairment, or in patients who have a history of malignant hyperthermia.Use Direction
Enflurano should be administered as an inhalant general anesthetic only by experienced clinicians in a hospital setting. Careful titration of the dose is recommended as there is potential for rapid onset of general anesthesia with shallow titration.Storage Condition
Enflurano should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. Since it is a volatile liquid with a high vapor pressure, bottles should not be stored above room temperature. It should also be kept away from open flames and arcs, and stored in its original sealed bottles.Volume Of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Enflurano is around 4-6 L/kg.Half Life
The half life of Enflurano is around 4 hours in adults.Clearance
The clearance of Enflurano is around 0.7 - 0.8 L/min/kg.Here you find in details version of Enflurano
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Enflurano
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