Emletra Junior
Emletra Junior Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Emletra Junior is a brand name. Its generic name is Lopinavir + Ritonavir.
Introduction
Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is a combination drug containing two active ingredients, lopinavir and ritonavir. It is a protease inhibitor drug used to treat HIV infections. LPV/r was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2000 and is manufactured by Abbott laboratories. LPV/r comes in tablet and oral solution forms.
Uses for
LPV/r is a combination drug used to treat HIV infections. It is used by patients who have never been treated with HIV medication before, as well as patients whose current treatment is no longer working. LPV/r is also used to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy.
Mechanism of Action
LPV/r works by inhibiting the activity of HIV protease, an enzyme used by the virus to replicate. Inhibition of the protease blocks the assembly of mature HIV particles, preventing further spread and replication of the virus. LPV/r also helps to boost the immune system by decreasing the viral load.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
LPV/r typically works within two to four weeks to reduce the viral load in HIV-positive patients. The medication can help to improve the immune system and decrease the risk of HIV transmission to others.
Absorption
LPV/r is rapidly absorbed when taken orally, with peak plasma concentrations achieved 1-2 hours post-dose. The bioavailability is approximately 40% and is not affected by administration with food.
Route of Elimination
LPV/r is primarily eliminated through the liver, with approximately 50% excreted in the feces and 30% in the urine.
Dosage
The recommended dose of LPV/r for adults and adolescents weighing at least 66 lbs is 800/200 mg given once daily with meals as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. The dosage may need to be adjusted according to the patient's weight, kidney and liver function, and other individual circumstances. LPV/r is available in tablet and oral solution forms.
Administration
LPV/r tablets should be taken once daily with food. The tablets should not be crushed and should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water. The oral solution should be taken with food and must not be taken more than twice daily. It should not be mixed with anything other than water.
Side Effect
Some side effects of LPV/r may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, and decreased appetite. In rare cases, more serious side effects can occur, such as rash, swollen glands, and depression. Patients should contact their healthcare provider if they experience any of these symptoms.
Toxicity
LPV/r is generally well-tolerated, but it can be toxic. Symptoms of an overdose can include liver damage, heart problems, and increased blood pressure. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical attention immediately.
Precautions
Patients should not take LPV/r if they have ever had an allergic reaction to it. LPV/r can also interact with other medications, including non-prescription drugs such as herbal remedies and dietary supplements, so patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before beginning treatment with LPV/r.
Interactions
LPV/r can interact with other medications and can have serious side effects. Before starting LPV/r, patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies they are currently taking. Patients should not take any new medications while taking LPV/r without first consulting their healthcare provider.
Disease Interaction
LPV/r can interact with certain medical conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, and HIV. For patients with these conditions, the dosage may need to be adjusted, and the patient's healthcare provider should be closely monitored. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any medical condition they have before starting LPV/r.
Drug Interactions
LPV/r can interact with other drugs, such as anticoagulants, anti-seizure medications, antibiotics, certain antidepressants, and cancer medications. It can also interact with certain supplements and herbal remedies, so patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before beginning treatment with LPV/r.
Food Interactions
LPV/r can interact with certain foods, such as grapefruit juice and other alcoholic beverages. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before taking any medication while drinking alcohol or eating grapefruit.
Pregnancy Use
LPV/r is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy but should only be used when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before using this medication during pregnancy.
Lactation Use
LPV/r is generally considered safe for use while breastfeeding, but should only be used when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before using this medication.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of an overdose of LPV/r can include liver damage, heart problems, and increased blood pressure. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical attention immediately.
Contraindication
LPV/r should not be taken by patients who have had an allergic reaction to it or any of its components. It should also not be taken by patients who have severe liver or kidney impairment.
Use Direction
LPV/r should always be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not skip doses, take more than the prescribed amount, or stop taking the medication without first consulting your healthcare provider.
Storage Condition
LPV/r should be stored at room temperature and protected from light and moisture. Keep all medications out of the reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
LPV/r has a volume of distribution of approximately 500 L following oral administration.
Half Life
LPV/r has a half-life of approximately 30-50 hours following oral administration.
Clearance
LPV/r has a total clearance rate of approximately 0.3 L/hr following oral administration.
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