Atrest
Atrest Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Atrest is a brand name. Its generic name is Tetrabenazine.
Introduction
Atrest (INN, also known as triquinil and tetrabenazinum) is a drug used to treat symptoms of chorea (involuntary, jerky movement) and Huntington's disease. It is an analogue of monoamine-depleting agent reserpine.Uses
Atrest is used to treat hyperkinetic movement disorders, such as the symptoms of Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and to some degree narcolepsy. It is also being studied for its potential use in treating Tourette syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease.Mechanism of Action
Atrest works by blocking the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is responsible for the uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into their respective presynaptic vesicles. This reduces the amount of monoamines available to be released into synapses, resulting in reduced postsynaptic receptor activation.How Long Does it Take to Work?
The onset of action for tetrabenazine is slow, usually between 1 and 3 weeks.Absorption
Atrest is rapidly absorbed when taken orally, with peak levels occurring between 0.5 and 2 hours after dosing. It is approximately 80-90% bioavailable, and does not undergo first-pass metabolism.Route of Elimination
Atrest is metabolized primarily in the liver, and it is excreted in both urine and feces.Dosage
For the treatment of movement disorders, the usual starting dose of tetrabenazine is 12.5-25 mg/day, given in 2-3 divided doses. The dose should be gradually titrated over several weeks to maximize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions. The maximum recommended dose is 100 mg/day.Administration
Atrest is taken orally, usually 1-3 times per day, with or without food.Side Effects
Common side effects of tetrabenazine include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, tremors, and insomnia.Toxicity
Overdoses of tetrabenazine can result in serious adverse reactions including coma, respiratory depression, and cardiovascular collapse.Precaution
Atrest should be used with caution in patients with a history of depression, dementia, or other mental health conditions, as there is a risk of worsening of symptoms. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of liver or kidney disease, as it may worsen their condition.Interaction
Atrest may interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), alcohol, and other drugs metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme.Disease Interaction
Use of tetrabenazine with certain medical conditions like depression, dementia, liver or kidney disease, and Parkinson’s disease should be done with caution.Drug Interaction
Atrest should not be taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or drugs metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme due to the risk of serious interactions.Food Interactions
Food does not significantly affect the absorption of tetrabenazine.Pregnancy Use
Atrest should not be used by pregnant women, as it may harm the unborn baby.Lactation Use
It is not known if tetrabenazine is secreted in human breastmilk, so the use of tetrabenazine by women who are breastfeeding should be done with caution.Acute Overdose
Signs of an overdose of tetrabenazine include coma, difficulty breathing, and cardiovascular collapse. Treatment of an overdose should include supportive and symptomatic measures.Contraindication
Atrest is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the drug. It is also contraindicated in patients with a known sensitivity to reserpine.Use Direction
Atrest should be taken according to the directions of the physician or pharmacist.Storage Condition
Atrest should be stored at room temperature, away from light, moisture, and heat.Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of tetrabenazine is 8.8-11.4 L/kg.Half-Life
The half-life of tetrabenazine is 4-8 hours.Clearance
The clearance of tetrabenazine is 14-36 mL/min.Here you find in details version of Atrest
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Atrest
What is Atrest?
Atrest is a drug used to treat a rare condition known as Huntington’s chorea, which is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements, or chorea. It works by decreasing nerve activity in areas of the brain that are responsible for producing chorea.
What are the side effects of Atrest?
Common side effects of tetrabenazine include nausea, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, depression, insomnia, tiredness, and weight loss. Serious side effects may include uncontrolled movements, depression, and suicidal behavior.
Who should not take Atrest?
Atrest should not be used by people who have seizures or have a history of depression, suicidal thoughts, or violent behavior. It should also not be taken by people with Parkinson's disease. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should also avoid taking tetrabenazine.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Atrest?
If you miss a dose of tetrabenazine, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time of your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue on your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose.
How does Atrest work?
Atrest works by diminishing nerve activity in the areas of the brain responsible for producing chorea, reducing the symptoms associated with it. It also works by blocking certain receptors in the brain that are involved in the transmission of chemical signals that can cause movement disorders.
How long does it take for Atrest to work?
The effects of tetrabenazine are usually felt within a few days of starting treatment, but it can take up to several weeks for the maximum benefit to be seen. It is important to continue taking tetrabenazine as prescribed in order to experience the full effects.
What other conditions can Atrest be used to treat?
In addition to Huntington's chorea, tetrabenazine is sometimes prescribed to treat certain other movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia, dyskinesia caused by antipsychotic medications, and tics.
Is Atrest safe to take over a long period of time?
Atrest is generally safe to take over a long period of time, however, it is important to discuss any concerns or side effects with your healthcare provider. Taking it for an extended period of time may increase your risk of developing certain side effects such as depression, suicidal thoughts, and weight loss.
Can Atrest be taken with other medications?
Atrest may interact with certain other medications, so it is important to make sure that all of your medications have been approved by your doctor before taking tetrabenazine. It is also important to tell your doctor about any over-the-counter medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are taking.
What should I do if I experience side effects from taking Atrest?
If you experience any side effects while taking tetrabenazine, it is important to contact your doctor immediately. You should also stop taking the medication and contact your doctor if you experience depression, suicidal thoughts, or any other serious side effects.
Can pregnant women take Atrest?
No, pregnant women should not take tetrabenazine as it may harm the unborn baby. Women who are breastfeeding should also avoid taking this medication, as it may pass through breast milk and harm the nursing baby. It is important to discuss any concerns or risks with your healthcare provider.
Is Atrest expensive?
The cost of tetrabenazine depends on the dosage and quantity prescribed. However, some insurance plans may cover part of the cost. It is also important to check with your doctor to see if they offer any discount programs for tetrabenazine or other medications.
What does Atrest look like?
Atrest is a white, off-white, or yellow tablet. It is available in five different strengths: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg.
Can Atrest cause drowsiness?
Yes, tetrabenazine can cause drowsiness and should not be driven or operated heavy machinery until the effects have been assessed. It is also important to check with your doctor before drinking alcohol while taking tetrabenazine.
Can Atrest cause liver damage?
Atrest may cause elevations in liver enzymes or in certain blood tests, which may cause liver damage. It is important to tell your doctor if you experience any symptoms of liver damage such as abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, and itching.
Can Atrest help with Tourette's Syndrome?
Atrest has shown a potential benefit for the treatment of Tourette's Syndrome. It may be used in combination with other medications to help reduce the symptoms of Tourette's Syndrome.
Does taking Atrest affect appetite?
Yes, tetrabenazine can cause a decrease in appetite. It is important to discuss any changes in appetite or any other side effects with your doctor.
Does Atrest cause hair loss?
Atrest may cause hair loss. It is important to discuss any changes in hair texture or thinning with your healthcare provider.
How long does Atrest stay in your system?
The half-life of tetrabenazine is 8-11 hours, which means it should take the body about 11-16 hours for the drug to be eliminated from the body.
Can Atrest interact with other drugs?
Yes, tetrabenazine can interact with certain other drugs, so it is important to discuss any other medications you are taking with your doctor before starting tetrabenazine. It is also important to tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any over-the-counter medications, supplements, or herbal remedies.
Why does Atrest have to be taken with food?
Atrest should be taken with food in order to help maximize its effectiveness and reduce the risk of side effects. Taking tetrabenazine on an empty stomach can increase the risk of nausea and other side effects.
Can Atrest be crushed or split?
Atrest tablets may be split or crushed by your doctor, however, it is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist if you need to do this. Do not attempt to split or crush the tablets on your own.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Atrest?
No, drinking alcohol while taking tetrabenazine can increase the risk of certain side effects including dizziness, drowsiness, and impaired motor skills. It is important to check with your doctor before drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
Does Atrest cause weight gain?
No, tetrabenazine can cause weight loss. However, some people may experience weight gain while taking this medication. It is important to discuss any weight changes with your healthcare provider.
What should I do if I take an overdose of Atrest?
If you think you or someone else has taken too much tetrabenazine, it is important to call your doctor or poison control center immediately. You should also seek medical attention right away if you experience any severe side effects such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or seizures.
Can Atrest be used in children?
Yes, tetrabenazine has been approved for use in children aged 6 and older. However, it is important to discuss the possible side effects and long-term risks with your pediatrician before starting tetrabenazine.
What is the recommended dosage of Atrest?
The recommended starting dose of tetrabenazine is 12.5 mg taken orally once daily. The dose may be increased by 12.5-25 mg every 3-7 days as needed, depending on the response and tolerability. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions when taking tetrabenazine.
Can Atrest cause anxiety?
Yes, tetrabenazine can cause anxiety and other mood changes. It is important to tell your doctor if you experience any new or worsening symptoms such as anxiety or depression.
Is Atrest a narcotic?
No, tetrabenazine is not a narcotic. It is a drug used to treat Huntington's chorea, a rare neurological disorder, and is not identified as an abusable substance.
Does Atrest interact with vitamin supplements?
Yes, tetrabenazine may interact with certain vitamin supplements. It is important to discuss any supplements or vitamins you are taking with your doctor before starting tetrabenazine.
Does Atrest cause increased appetite?
No, tetrabenazine actually causes decreased appetite. It is important to discuss any changes in appetite with your doctor.
Can Atrest be used to treat insomnia?
Atrest can cause insomnia in some people. Talk to your doctor about any insomnia symptoms you may experience while taking this medication.
Can Atrest cause heart problems?
Atrest may cause abnormal heart rhythms or other heart problems. It is important to tell your doctor if you experience any symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.
Can Atrest cause constipation?
Yes, tetrabenazine can cause constipation, which may be relieved by drinking plenty of fluids and eating a high-fiber diet. It is also important to tell your doctor if you experience any other side effects.
Does Atrest cause memory loss?
Atrest may cause memory loss or difficulty concentrating in some people. It is important to report any memory changes or problems to your doctor.
Does Atrest cause dry mouth?
Yes, tetrabenazine can cause dry mouth. Drinking plenty of water and avoiding alcohol and caffeine can help reduce the risk of dry mouth. It is also important to report any side effects to your doctor.
Can Atrest be used to treat depression?
Atrest is not approved for the treatment of depression. However, it can be used to treat certain movement disorders that can be associated with depression. It is important to discuss any treatment options for depression with your doctor.