Efavirenz
Efavirenz Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Efavirenz is a brand name. Its generic name is Efavirenz.
Introduction
Efavirenz (marketed under the brand name Sustiva) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV-1 infection. It is a major drug component of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-1 patients.Uses for
Efavirenz is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV-1 infection. It is also used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to prevent the spread of HIV-1 from mothers to their children.Mechanism of Action
Efavirenz inhibits the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), which is essential for the reproduction of the HIV-1 virus. In a healthy cell, RT converts the single-stranded RNA genome of HIV-1 back into double-stranded DNA so it can enter the nucleus and integrate into the host genome. By preventing RT from working, Efavirenz prevents the HIV-1 virus from replicating.How Long Does It Take To Work?
Within the first 48 hours, Efavirenz can significantly reduce the amount of HIV-1 in the body. If taken consistently and as prescribed, Efavirenz can help keep HIV-1 levels in check and reduce the risk of developing resistance to HIV-1 medications. However, it is important to note that HIV-1 does not get cured by taking Efavirenz.Absorption
Efavirenz is readily and rapidly absorbed (Tmax, 2-4 hours) from the gastrointestinal tract and has an absolute bioavailability of 31-51%. The peak plasma concentration of an 600 mg oral dose occurs at 1.77-2.81 hours. The extent of absorption decreases when the tablets are taken with meals.Route of Elimination
Efavirenz is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism, with approximately 20% of total plasma radioactivity excreted in the urine and bile.Dosage
The usual recommended adult dose is 600mg once daily. Efavirenz is available as a 600mg film coated tablet and a 200mg/60mL oral suspension. The tablets should be taken with meals while the suspension should be taken without food. For patients unable to swallow tablets, the tablets can be disrupted in a glass containing a teaspoon of water. The tablets can also be dispersed in a teaspoon of applesauce. Both the tablet suspension and applesauce should be taken immediately.Administration
Efavirenz should be taken orally once daily as prescribed. It should be taken with or without food at approximately the same time each day. Patients with renal impairment or severe hepatic impairment should receive a reduced dose of 400 mg once daily.Side Effect
Common side effects of efavirenz include headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, abnormal dreams, nausea, vomiting and rash.Toxicity
Efavirenz has a low toxicity in humans and animals and is generally well tolerated. Side effects in humans are usually mild and can be managed with supportive measures.Precaution
Efavirenz may cause drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, and impaired judgment, so caution is advised when engaging in activities that require mental alertness. Efavirenz is not recommended for patients with a history of clinically relevant depression. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorders should be monitored for any worsening of their condition.Interaction
Efavirenz may interact with other medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. It is important to notify your healthcare provider before taking any other medications or supplements while on efavirenz.Disease Interaction
Efavirenz may interact with certain diseases and medical conditions. It is important to notify your healthcare provider of any medical conditions you may have before taking efavirenz.Drug Interaction
Efavirenz may interact with other medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, and antiretrovirals. It is important to notify your healthcare provider of any medications you are taking before starting efavirenz.Food Interactions
Efavirenz may interact with certain foods, vitamins, and herbal supplements. It is important to avoid taking any food or supplements while taking efavirenz, as it may reduce its effectiveness or cause unwanted side effects.Pregnancy Use
Efavirenz should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Women should consult their healthcare provider for more information.Lactation Use
It is not known if efavirenz is secreted in breast milk. Women should consult their healthcare provider for more information before taking efavirenz while breastfeeding.Acute Overdose
Acute overdoses of efavirenz can lead to vomiting, nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical help immediately.Contraindication
Efavirenz is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its components.Use Directions
Efavirenz should be taken as prescribed by your healthcare provider. The usual recommended adult dose is 600mg once daily. The tablets should be taken with meals while the suspension should be taken without food. Patients with renal impairment or severe hepatic impairment should receive a reduced dose of 400 mg once daily.Storage Condition
Efavirenz should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed container, away from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children and pets.Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of efavirenz is 0.9-2.3 L/kg.Half Life
The half-life of efavirenz is 41-58 hours.Clearance
The elimination clearance of efavirenz is 0.32-0.56 mL/min/kg.Here you find in details version of Efavirenz
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Efavirenz
then complete question and give its answerWhat is Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV. It belongs to a class of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Efavirenz works by blocking the activity of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is needed by the HIV virus to replicate. As a result, it helps to reduce the amount of HIV virus in the body, which can help to improve a person’s immune system and overall health.
Can Efavirenz be used to prevent HIV?
No, Efavirenz is not recommended or approved for use as a preventative medication to guard against HIV infection.
What are the possible side effects of Efavirenz?
The most common side effects associated with Efavirenz are dizziness, sleep disturbances, vivid dreams, and depression. Other less common side effects reported include rash, liver problems, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and changes in blood tests.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Efavirenz?
If you miss a dose of Efavirenz, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the following dose at the regular time.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Efavirenz?
No, you should not drink alcohol during treatment with Efavirenz as it may lead to an increased risk of side effects or decreased effectiveness of the medication.
Is it safe to use Efavirenz during pregnancy?
Yes, Efavirenz has been studied in pregnant women and found to be safe for both the mother and the baby. However, it is important to speak to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Efavirenz during pregnancy.
Can Efavirenz be used with other medications?
Yes, Efavirenz can be used together with other medications that are prescribed by your healthcare provider. However, it is important to let your healthcare provider know about all of the medications you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
Is there a generic version of Efavirenz available?
Yes, Efavirenz is available in a generic form. Generic medications are typically less expensive than brand name drugs and are usually just as effective.
What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction to Efavirenz?
If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, swelling of the face, throat, or lips, difficulty breathing, or chest tightness, stop taking Efavirenz and seek medical attention immediately.
Can Efavirenz be used to treat other diseases?
No, Efavirenz is not indicated for use in the treatment of other diseases. It is only approved to be used in the treatment of HIV infections.
What is the recommended dose of Efavirenz?
The recommended dose of Efavirenz depends on several factors, including a person’s weight, other medications being taken, and any pre-existing illnesses. Your healthcare provider can determine the best dose for you.
How long does it take for Efavirenz to start working?
Clinical studies have shown that it can take up to four weeks after starting Efavirenz therapy for a person’s HIV viral load to become undetectable. During this time, it is important to continue to take the medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
Can I stop taking Efavirenz if my HIV viral load is undetectable?
No, it is important to continue to take Efavirenz as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if your HIV viral load becomes undetectable. Stopping Efavirenz can increase the risk of HIV levels in the body increasing again.
Will taking Efavirenz cure HIV?
No, taking Efavirenz will not cure HIV. However, it can be used to help control the virus and improve a person’s immune system and overall health.
Does Efavirenz have any drug interactions?
Yes, there are certain drugs that can interact with Efavirenz, including certain antifungal medications, antidepressants, antibiotics, and birth control pills. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all medications that you are taking, as some of these could interact with Efavirenz.
Can Efavirenz cause liver problems?
Yes, hepatotoxicity is a potential side effect of Efavirenz. It is important to monitor liver enzymes if taking Efavirenz, as liver problems can occur.
What should I do if I experience excessive tiredness while using Efavirenz?
If you experience excessive tiredness while taking Efavirenz, contact your healthcare provider. This could be a sign of anemia or other conditions that may need to be addressed.
What should I do if I experience depression while using Efavirenz?
If you experience depression while taking Efavirenz, contact your healthcare provider. Depression can be a serious side effect and may need to be managed differently.
Should I have regular viral load tests while taking Efavirenz?
Yes, it is important to have periodic viral load tests while taking Efavirenz to make sure that the medication is working effectively. It is also important to practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles, as these can increase your risk of contracting HIV.
Can Efavirenz cause gastrointestinal side effects?
Yes, gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported with Efavirenz. It is important to contact your healthcare provider if you experience these side effects.
Are there any laboratory tests that need to be done while taking Efavirenz?
Yes, it is important to have regular laboratory tests while taking Efavirenz, such as complete blood count, kidney and liver function tests, and viral load tests. Your healthcare provider can explain the tests that need to be done.
Does Efavirenz interact with hormonal birth control?
Yes, Efavirenz can interact with hormonal birth control, including combination birth control pills, patches, and rings. It is important to let your healthcare provider know if you are on hormonal birth control, as an alternative form of birth control may need to be used.
Can I take Efavirenz with other HIV medications?
Yes, Efavirenz can be used together with other medications that are prescribed by your healthcare provider. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all of the medications you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
What should I do if I experience stomach pain while taking Efavirenz?
If you experience stomach pain while taking Efavirenz, contact your healthcare provider. This could be a sign of a more serious side effect or an interaction with other medications and should be evaluated.
Can I drive or operate machinery while taking Efavirenz?
It is not recommended to drive or operate machinery while taking Efavirenz, as it can cause dizziness and impair your judgment. If you experience any side effects that make it difficult for you to perform your daily activities, contact your healthcare provider.
Does Efavirenz affect fertility in men?
Yes, Efavirenz may affect sperm production and sperm motility. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider before taking Efavirenz if you are trying to father a child.
Does Efavirenz interact with herbal supplements?
Yes, some herbal supplements can interact with Efavirenz. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all of the medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins you are taking before taking Efavirenz.
Should I take Efavirenz with food?
Yes, Efavirenz should be taken with food. Taking it with food can help to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
Will Efavirenz interact with other medications, such as antibiotics or antifungals?
Yes, there are certain medications, such as antibiotics and antifungals, that can interact with Efavirenz. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all medications that you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
Can I take Efavirenz with other HIV medications?
Yes, Efavirenz can be used together with other medications that are prescribed by your healthcare provider. It is important to let your healthcare provider know about all of the medications you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
What should I do if I experience vivid dreams while taking Efavirenz?
Vivid dreams are a common side effect of Efavirenz. If you experience vivid dreams, contact your healthcare provider. In some cases, a lower dose of Efavirenz may be prescribed to help reduce the frequency of these dreams.
Is there an alternative to Efavirenz for treating HIV?
Yes, there are other medications available for the treatment of HIV. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about your treatment options.
Can I take Efavirenz with anti-inflammatory medications?
Yes, you can take Efavirenz with anti-inflammatory medications. However, it is important to tell your healthcare provider about all medications that you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
Does Efavirenz have any long-term side effects?
Yes, long-term use of Efavirenz may cause anemia, liver toxicity, kidney problems, and changes in liver enzymes. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any long-term side effects you may be experiencing.
Is there an alternative to Efavirenz for people with liver problems?
Yes, there are alternatives to Efavirenz for people with liver problems. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about your treatment options.
Should I eat a high-fat diet when taking Efavirenz?
No, it is not recommended to eat a high-fat diet when taking Efavirenz. Eating a balanced diet is the best way to ensure that Efavirenz is used most effectively.
Does Efavirenz cause weight gain?
Yes, weight gain has been reported with Efavirenz. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any sudden weight gain that may be related to Efavirenz.
Can I take Efavirenz if I have kidney problems?
Yes, Efavirenz can be taken if you have kidney problems, but your healthcare provider may need to adjust your dose. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any kidney problems before taking Efavirenz.
Can I take Efavirenz with other medications for HIV, such as tenofovir and emtricitabine?
Yes, Efavirenz can be taken with other medications that are prescribed by your healthcare provider for the treatment of HIV. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all of the medications you are taking, as some may interact with Efavirenz.
Will Efavirenz cause any changes in my mental health?
Yes, mental health side effects such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia have been reported with Efav