Dropizol
Dropizol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Dropizol is a brand name. Its generic name is Opium.
Dropizol Introduction
Dropizol is a natural substance derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). It has been used medicinally for more than 5,000 years and is a common recreational drug. Dropizol contains a mix of alkaloids including: morphine, codeine, thebaine, and other psychoactive compounds. It is primarily used for its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-tussive (cough-suppressing), and antidiarrheal effects.
Uses for Dropizol
Dropizol is primarily used to treat pain. It is also used to treat diarrhea, cough, and other respiratory infections. In some cases it is used to treat depression and anxiety, however it is not recommended due to the high addictive potential.
Mechanism of Action
The primary ingredients in opium are morphine and codeine, both of which are alkaloids. These two alkaloids interact with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal effects. Morphine the primary active ingredient binds to the mu-receptor while codeine binds to the kappa-receptor.
How long does it take to work?
When taken orally, it takes around 30 minutes to an hour for the effects of opium to become apparent. When injected, it takes around 5 minutes.
Absorption
Dropizol is absorbed rapidly, with peak effects occurring within 1 to 2 hours of oral administration.
Route of Elimination
Dropizol is primarily eliminated through the kidneys. It is metabolized in the liver and conjugated with glucuronic acid.
Dosage
The recommended adult dose of opium is 2 to 4 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed. A maximum dose of 30 mg should not be exceeded in a day.
Administration
Dropizol can be administered orally, intramuscularly (IM), and subcutaneously (SC).
Side Effects
Common side effects of opium include: drowsiness, constipation, nausea, vomiting, confusion, shallow breathing, dry mouth, and sweating. In rare cases, it can cause seizures, confusion, slowed heart rate, and respiratory depression.
Toxicity
Dropizol is highly addictive and overdoses can be fatal. Accidental ingestion of opium can lead to serious medical complications such as coma or death. Dropizol can also cause psychological addiction and withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and diarrhea.
Precautions
It is important to take caution when taking opium. Always use the lowest possible dose as prescribed and never exceed the maximum daily dose. Dropizol should only be used under direct medical supervision and should not be combined with other medications or alcohol.
Interaction
Dropizol can interact with other medications and substances. Alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, and antipsychotics can increase the sedative effects of opium. Concurrent use of opioids and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can result in serious adverse effects such as hyperpyrexia, confusion, and coma.
Disease Interaction
Patients with certain diseases should use caution when taking opium. It should be used with extreme caution in patients with renal, hepatic, or respiratory diseases, or any other condition that affects metabolism or absorption.
Drug Interaction
Dropizol can interact with other medications and can increase their effectiveness or potency. Some examples of medications that should not be taken with opium include antihistamines, antidepressants, anticoagulants, muscle relaxers, diuretics, and other pain relievers.
Food Interactions
Certain foods can affect the absorption and metabolism of opium. For example, grapefruit juice and high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods decrease the absorption of the drug. On the other hand, alcoholic beverages can increase absorption and sedative effects.
Pregnancy Use
Dropizol should not be used in pregnant women. It can cause withdrawal in the baby and can lead to breathing difficulties in the newborn. There is also a possible risk of birth defects.
Lactation Use
It is not recommended that opium be used while breastfeeding as it can pass through breast milk. It can cause drowsiness in the infant.
Acute Overdose
An overdose of opium can be life-threatening. Symptoms of overdose include: shallow breathing, confusion, coma, and circulatory collapse. Acute overdose requires immediate medical attention.
Contraindication
Dropizol should not be used by patients with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to opium or its derivatives.
Use Direction
Dropizol should be taken as prescribed by a physician. It should only be used as needed and not on a regular basis.
Storage Condition
Dropizol should be stored in a cool, dry place and away from children. It should be disposed of according to local regulations.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution (Vd) of opium is 0.6-2 L/kg.
Half Life
The half life of opium is 2-7 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of opium is 0.3-3 L/h/kg.
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