Diphenylhydantoin

Diphenylhydantoin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Diphenylhydantoin is a brand name. Its generic name is Phenytoin.

Diphenylhydantoin Introduction, Uses, and Mechanisms of Action

Diphenylhydantoin is an anticonvulsant drug of the hydantoin class used to prevent and control seizures by changing the electrical activity of the brain. Its primary uses are for treating those with epilepsy, tonic-clonic seizures, and a type of seizure called absence seizures. It is also used in adults to treat certain types of nerve pain, trigeminal neuralgia. It may also be prescribed to prevent seizures resulting from a head injury or brain tumor.

Diphenylhydantoin’s mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to act on the sodium channels in nerve cells that control nerve impulses, resulting in a decrease in electrical excitability and an increase in the seizure threshold.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Diphenylhydantoin usually starts to work within 24 to 48 hours; effects are typically not seen sooner. The full effects of the drug may not be seen for up to a month. It may take several weeks before the optimal dose of phenytoin is found; during this time, the person's symptoms may not fully improve or may worsen.

Absorption, Route of Elimination, Dosage, Administration, and Side Effect

Diphenylhydantoin is readily absorbed, reaching peak levels within 90 minutes of administration. It is structurally related to the vitamin D group of molecules, so it is important to limit exposure to direct sunlight or UV radiation while taking phenytoin. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and is eliminated primarily in the urine.

The dosage of phenytoin varies depending on the patient’s age and medical condition. It should be administered orally as 50 mg, 100 mg, or 250 mg tablets or extended-release capsules and the dosage prescribed should be taken exactly as directed. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, constipation, and blurred vision.

Toxicity, Precaution, Interactions, Disease Interactions, Drug Interactions, Food Interactions, Pregnancy Use, Lactation Use, Acute Overdose, Contraindication, Use Direction, Storage Condition, Volume of Distribution, Half Life, and Clearance

Generally safe when used as directed, phenytoin can become toxic if taken in too high of doses. At high doses, phenytoin may cause abnormal movements, confusion, feelings of sedation, and difficulty speaking. It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed to avoid potentially serious side effects. If taken with certain foods, drinks, or other medications, the effects of phenytoin can be decreased or increased, and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Diphenylhydantoin should not be used by pregnant women or women who are nursing. People with underlying medical conditions such as kidney or liver diseases or certain digestive disorders should take extra care while taking this drug. It should not be taken in combination with alcohol.

In case of an acute overdose, contact a poison control center or seek medical help immediately. The symptoms of overdose are irregular or rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, coma, confusion, and drowsiness.

It is important to store phenytoin at room temperature, in a tight, light-resistant container. The volume of distribution of phenytoin is 0.45-1.17 L/kg, with an elimination half-life of 10-20 hours. The renal clearance of phenytoin is 24-75 Ind/h.

Here you find in details version of Diphenylhydantoin

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Diphenylhydantoin

What is Diphenylhydantoin?

Diphenylhydantoin is an anti-seizure medication used to treat certain types of seizures (epilepsy). It works by reducing the activity of certain chemicals in the brain that may cause seizures.

How long does it take Diphenylhydantoin to work?

Diphenylhydantoin starts to work within about an hour after being taken. However, it may take several weeks to notice the full effects of this medication. It is important to take your doses regularly and as prescribed in order to get the most benefit.

Is Diphenylhydantoin a narcotic?

No, Diphenylhydantoin is not a narcotic. It is an anti-seizure medication used to treat certain types of seizures (epilepsy).

Is Diphenylhydantoin addictive?

No, Diphenylhydantoin is not considered to be a habit-forming or addictive drug.

How often should I take Diphenylhydantoin?

The dosing schedule for Diphenylhydantoin will vary depending on your doctor's instructions. In general, it is usually taken two to four times a day, with or without food.

What are the side effects of Diphenylhydantoin?

The most common side effects of Diphenylhydantoin include headache, dizziness, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and skin rash. In rare cases, it may also cause muscle or joint pain, confusion, blurred vision, or swelling in your hands or feet.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Diphenylhydantoin?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Diphenylhydantoin, as alcohol can increase the risk of side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness. If you choose to drink alcohol while taking Diphenylhydantoin, it is safest to do so in moderation.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Diphenylhydantoin?

If you miss a dose of Diphenylhydantoin, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue to take your medication as usual. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed dose.

Is Diphenylhydantoin safe for pregnant women?

Diphenylhydantoin is categorized as a pregnancy Category D medication, which means it has been known to cause harm to a fetus. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits before taking Diphenylhydantoin.

What should I discuss with my doctor before taking Diphenylhydantoin?

Prior to taking Diphenylhydantoin, you should let your doctor know about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal remedies, and supplements. In addition, you should inform your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, kidney disease, allergies, or are pregnant or breast-feeding. You should also let your doctor know if you are taking any other drugs that have sedative effects, such as antihistamines, barbiturates, or narcotic pain medications.

How should I store Diphenylhydantoin?

Diphenylhydantoin should be stored in its original container and kept at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. It should also be kept out of the reach of children and pets.

Can Diphenylhydantoin be crushed or split?

Diphenylhydantoin tablets should not be crushed, split, or broken. If you have difficulty swallowing your medication, talk to your doctor about other options.

Can I stop taking Diphenylhydantoin suddenly?

No, it is not recommended to stop taking Diphenylhydantoin suddenly. Stopping this medication suddenly can cause serious side effects, such as seizures. You should talk to your doctor before making any changes to your dosage or discontinuing the medication.

What should I do if I experience side effects while taking Diphenylhydantoin?

If you experience any side effects while taking Diphenylhydantoin, such as dizziness, nausea, or skin rash, you should contact your doctor right away. Your doctor may adjust your dosage or prescribe another medication to help manage the side effects.

Can Diphenylhydantoin interact with other medications?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can interact with other medications. Be sure to tell your doctor or pharmacist about all the medicines you are taking before taking Diphenylhydantoin, as some medications can interfere with the effectiveness or/and increase the side effects of Diphenylhydantoin. This includes both over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Is there an age restriction for taking Diphenylhydantoin?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin is not usually recommended for use in children under the age of 12. Talk to your doctor before giving Diphenylhydantoin to a child.

Can I drive or operate heavy machinery while taking Diphenylhydantoin?

No, Diphenylhydantoin can cause drowsiness and it is not recommended to drive or operate heavy machinery while taking this medication.

Can Diphenylhydantoin cause weight gain?

In some cases, Diphenylhydantoin can cause weight gain. If you notice any sudden changes in your weight while taking Diphenylhydantoin, talk to your doctor.

What forms does Diphenylhydantoin come in?

Diphenylhydantoin is available in oral tablets, oral capsules, and oral suspension.

Does Diphenylhydantoin affect heart rate?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can cause an irregular heart rate in some people. If you experience any changes in your heart rate while taking this medication, talk to your doctor.

Can I take other medications with Diphenylhydantoin?

It is best to talk to your doctor before taking any other medications with Diphenylhydantoin, as some medications can interact with it and increase the risk of side effects.

Can Diphenylhydantoin be taken with other seizure medications?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can be taken with other seizure medications. It is best to talk to your doctor before starting any new medications, as some medications may interact with Diphenylhydantoin and increase the risk of side effects.

Can taking Diphenylhydantoin cause depression?

In some cases, Diphenylhydantoin can cause depression or other mood changes. If you notice any changes in your mood while taking this medication, talk to your doctor.

Can Diphenylhydantoin cause constipation?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can cause constipation. If you experience constipation while taking this medication, talk to your doctor about ways to manage this side effect.

Can Diphenylhydantoin lower blood pressure?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can lower blood pressure. It is important to monitor your blood pressure regularly while taking this medication.

Can Diphenylhydantoin be used to treat bipolar disorder?

No, Diphenylhydantoin is not recommended for use in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Talk to your doctor about other medications that may be used to treat bipolar disorder.

What is the difference between Diphenylhydantoin and Dilantin?

Diphenylhydantoin and Dilantin are two different brand names for the same active drug, which is commonly referred to as phenytoin. They are both used to treat certain types of seizures (epilepsy).

What is the maximum daily dose of Diphenylhydantoin?

The maximum daily dose of Diphenylhydantoin varies from person to person and is based on a variety of factors. Talk to your doctor about the appropriate dose for you.

Can Diphenylhydantoin cause hair loss?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can cause hair loss in some cases. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing excessive hair loss while taking this medication.

Are there any interactions with supplements or foods I should be aware of?

Yes, there are some supplements and foods that can interact with Diphenylhydantoin. Be sure to talk to your doctor before taking any new supplements, as some supplements may interact with Diphenylhydantoin and increase the risk of side effects. It is also important to avoid drinking alcohol and grapefruit juice while taking Diphenylhydantoin.

Can I take Diphenylhydantoin with ibuprofen?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can be taken with ibuprofen, but it is important to take it as directed. Taking too much ibuprofen may increase the risk of side effects.

Can Diphenylhydantoin be used to treat anxiety?

No, Diphenylhydantoin is not recommended for the treatment of anxiety. Talk to your doctor about other medications that may be used to treat anxiety.

What is the usual dose of Diphenylhydantoin?

The usual dose of Diphenylhydantoin will vary depending on individual factors, such as age, weight, and the severity of your condition. Talk to your doctor about the appropriate dose for you.

Can Diphenylhydantoin cause joint pain?

Yes, in rare cases Diphenylhydantoin can cause joint pain. If you experience joint pain while taking this medication, talk to your doctor.

Can I take Diphenylhydantoin while breastfeeding?

Diphenylhydantoin can pass into breast milk and may cause harm to an infant. It is best to talk to your doctor before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Does Diphenylhydantoin interact with other medications?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin can interact with other medications. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking other medications while taking Diphenylhydantoin, as some of them may increase the risk of side effects or interfere with the effectiveness of the drug.

Are there any alternatives to Diphenylhydantoin for treating epilepsy?

Yes, there are several alternatives to Diphenylhydantoin for treating epilepsy, such as carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproate, and topiramate. Talk to your doctor about the best option for your condition.

Can Diphenylhydantoin cause dry mouth?

Yes, dry mouth is a common side effect of Diphenylhydantoin. If this occurs, try chewing sugarless gum or sucking on sugar-free candy to increase saliva production.

What is the dosage for pediatric patients?

The dosing for pediatric patients will vary depending on a variety of factors, such as age, weight, and the severity of the condition. Talk to your doctor about the appropriate dose for your child.

Can Diphenylhydantoin be used to treat other conditions?

Yes, Diphenylhydantoin may be prescribed off-label to treat conditions such as bipolar disorder or certain types of pain. Talk to your doctor about the potential benefits and risks of using Diphenylhydantoin for non-seizure related conditions.

What happens if I overdose on Diphenylhydantoin?

If you or someone you know has overdosed on Diphenylhydantoin, seek medical attention immediately. Overdose symptoms can include confusion, slurred speech, tremors, difficulty breathing, and loss of coordination.