Cilostazole

Cilostazole Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Cilostazole is a brand name. Its generic name is Cilostazol.

Cilostazole

Cilostazole is an antiplatelet and vasodilator medication that is used for improving the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), including shortness of breath, pain in the legs or feet, difficulty walking, ulcers on the legs or feet, and a slow or irregular heartbeat. It works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme known as phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3) and by reducing the production of blood platelet aggregation. It is classified as a selective inhibitor of PDE-3, which means it targets certain types of compounds in the body that are involved in clot formation.

Uses for Cilostazole

Cilostazole is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease. It can also be used to reduce intermittent claudication (leg pain on walking), improve walking distances, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. It may also be used off-label for other purposes, such as the treatment of spasticity.

What is the mechanism of action of Cilostazole?

Cilostazole works by inhibiting the activity of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3), which is an enzyme involved in the production of blood platelet aggregation. PDE-3 inhibitors block the enzyme, resulting in decreased platelet aggregation. By doing this, it helps to improve blood flow and circulation. Additionally, it decreases levels of lipids (fat) in the blood. This can help reduce the risks of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.

How long does it take for Cilostazole to take effect?

The effects of Cilostazole usually start to be noticed within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment. It may take longer for the full benefits of Cilostazole to be noticed.

Absorption, Route of Elimination, Dosage, Administration, and Side Effects of Cilostazole

Cilostazole is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reaches peak concentrations in 30 minutes to 4 hours of administration. It is eliminated from the body mainly in the urine as metabolites, with only a small amount being eliminated through the feces. The usual dose of Cilostazole is 100 mg twice daily, taken at least 30 minutes before eating and with plenty of fluids. Common side effects of Cilostazole include headache, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), dizziness, palpitations, and flushing. Rare side effects include swelling of the legs, worsening chest pains and constipation.

Toxicity and Precautionary Information

Cilostazole is generally well tolerated with few significant adverse reactions reported at standard doses. It is however known to cause fetal toxicity. Therefore, it should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. It is also known to interact with certain drugs, so caution should be taken when prescribing Cilostazole with other medications.

Interactions of Cilostazole

Cilostazole is known to interact with certain drugs, including warfarin, vitamin K antagonists, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants. In addition, it may interact with medications used to treat blood pressure, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and asthma. It may also interact with certain herbal preparations.

Drug, Disease, Food, and Pregnancy/Lactation Interactions of Cilostazole

Cilostazole should not be used during pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Women of childbearing age should use adequate contraception while taking the drug. Cilostazole should be avoided in those with known hypersensitivity to it or any of its ingredients. Cilostazole may interact with certain foods, including grapefruit juice, alcohol, and caffeine. It may also interact with certain drugs, including warfarin, vitamin K antagonists, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants. In addition, it may interact with medications used to treat blood pressure, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and asthma.

Acute Overdose of Cilostazole

If an acute overdose of Cilostazole is suspected, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Symptoms of an acute overdose may include dizziness, rapid heart rate, seizures, and coma. Treatment may involve gastric lavage and supportive care.

Contraindications

Cilostazole is contraindicated in patients with heart failure, unstable angina, and recent history of myocardial infarction or stroke. It should not be used in patients with ventricular arrhythmias, severe liver disease, or severe renal impairment. Cilostazole should also not be used in pregnant or breast-feeding women, or children under the age of 18 years.

Use Directions

Cilostazole should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. It is usually taken orally, twice daily (at least 30 minutes before eating). Do not take double doses. Swallow the tablets whole with plenty of fluids. Do not crush or chew the tablets as this may reduce the effectiveness of the medication.

Storage Conditions

Cilostazole tablets should be stored at room temperature between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children and pets.

Volume of Distribution, Half Life, and Clearance of Cilostazole

The volume of distribution of Cilostazole is approximately 5 liters/kg, the half life is 7 hours, and the clearance is 0.25 liters/ hour/ kg. These values are based on an average of healthy adults and may vary depending on individual patient characteristics.

Dosage Information

The usual dose of Cilostazole is 100 mg twice daily, taken at least 30 minutes before eating and with plenty of fluids. Your healthcare provider may adjust the dose, depending on the effectiveness and tolerability of the drug. Do not take double or higher doses than prescribed. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose as scheduled.

Here you find in details version of Cilostazole

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Cilostazole

What is Cilostazole?

Cilostazole is a phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitor, which is used to treat the symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) as well as reduce the risk of death from recurrent painful episodes of walking that are associated with intermittent claudication.

What are the side effects of Cilostazole?

The most common side effects of Cilostazole are headache, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, and constipation. Less common side effects include abdominal or chest pain, elevated liver enzymes, and acute renal failure.

How should Cilostazole be taken?

Cilostazole should be taken twice daily with or without food. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed and do not increase or decrease the dosage without first consulting with your healthcare practitioner.

Who should not take Cilostazole?

Individuals with certain heart conditions like heart failure, arrhythmia, or low blood pressure, pregnant women, and those with a history of stroke or bleeding problems should not take Cilostazole.

Does Cilostazole cause blurred vision?

Blurred vision is a rare side effect of Cilostazole. If you experience any visual disturbances while taking Cilostazole, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Does Cilostazole interact with other medications?

Cilostazole can interact with certain medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers and diuretics, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are currently taking before starting on Cilostazole.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Cilostazole?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, do not double up on the missed dose and take the next dose at the scheduled time.

What other conditions can Cilostazole be used to treat?

Cilostazole is indicated to treat the symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) but has also been used to treat other conditions such as asthma, Raynaud's phenomenon, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

What should I do if I experience any serious side effects while taking Cilostazole?

If you experience any serious side effects while taking Cilostazole, such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, lightheadedness, or difficulty speaking, seek medical attention right away.

Should I take Cilostazole with food?

Cilostazole can be taken with or without food. However, it is important to take it consistently either with or without food every time.

How long does it take for Cilostazole to start working?

It can take up to 3 weeks for Cilostazole to start relieving symptoms. It is important to continue taking the medication as prescribed and talk with your healthcare provider if you do not notice improvement after 3 weeks.

What are the possible drug interactions of Cilostazole?

Cilostazole can interact with certain medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers and diuretics. Be sure to talk to your healthcare practitioner about any other medications you are currently taking before starting on Cilostazole.

Is Cilostazole safe for long-term use?

Yes, Cilostazole is considered safe and effective for long-term use in individuals with peripheral artery disease. However, it is important to discuss side effects and risks with your healthcare provider before beginning treatment.

Why would someone take Cilostazole?

Cilostazole is prescribed to individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to improve their symptoms, such as intermittent claudication, and reduce their risk of death associated with walking. It can also be used to treat other conditions such as asthma, Raynaud's phenomenon, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking Cilostazole?

Before taking Cilostazole, it is important to tell your healthcare provider about any other medications you might be taking, as well as any known allergies or medical conditions you have or any family history of cardiovascular disease.

What other forms can Cilostazole be taken in?

Cilostazole is available in tablet form for oral ingestion, as well as in an injectable solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration.

What is the usual recommended dosage of Cilostazole?

The usual recommended dosage of Cilostazole is 100 mg twice daily, but may vary depending on the individual, so it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the correct dosage for you.

How quickly will Cilostazole start working?

It can take up to 3 weeks for Cilostazole to start relieving symptoms. It is important to continue taking the medication as prescribed and talk with your healthcare provider if you do not notice improvement after 3 weeks.

Should Cilostazole be taken if I am pregnant?

No, Cilostazole should not be taken by pregnant women. Talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you.

Does Cilostazole interact with other medications?

Yes, Cilostazole can interact with certain medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers and diuretics. Be sure to talk to your healthcare practitioner about any other medications you are currently taking before starting on Cilostazole.

What if I take too much Cilostazole?

Taking too much Cilostazole can cause serious side effects such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, lightheadedness, or difficulty speaking. Seek medical attention immediately if any of these symptoms occur.

What is the recommended daily dosage of Cilostazole?

The usual recommended dosage of Cilostazole is 100 mg twice daily, but may vary depending on the individual, so it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the correct dosage for you.

Can I take Cilostazole if I have high blood pressure?

Yes, Cilostazole is used to treat symptoms of peripheral artery disease in people with high blood pressure. However, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for you.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Cilostazole?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol when taking Cilostazole as it can increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness. Talk to your doctor about when or if you should consume alcohol while taking Cilostazole.

Can I take Cilostazole with my other medications?

Cilostazole can interact with certain medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers and diuretics, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are currently taking before starting on Cilostazole.

What should I do if I forget to take my Cilostazole dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, do not double up on the missed dose and take the next dose at the scheduled time.

Is Cilostazole safe for use in patients with kidney disease?

Cilostazole is not recommended for use in patients with severe kidney impairment. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best treatment plan for your condition.

Does Cilostazole cause any side effects?

The most common side effects of Cilostazole are headache, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, and constipation. Less common side effects may include abdominal or chest pain, elevated liver enzymes, and acute renal failure.

Can I stop taking Cilostazole suddenly?

No, it is not recommended to suddenly stop taking Cilostazole as it may cause withdrawal symptoms or worsening of symptoms. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to wean off Cilostazole.

Does Cilostazole help reduce intermittent claudication?

Yes, Cilostazole is used to treat the symptoms of intermittent claudication caused by peripheral artery disease. It works by improving blood flow to the affected areas and reducing symptoms such as pain or fatigue.

Can Cilostazole reduce my risk of stroke or heart attack?

Cilostazole has not been studied for its ability to reduce stroke or heart attack risk. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about other measures you can take to reduce your risk of these conditions.

If I skip a dose of Cilostazole, what should I do?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, do not double up on the missed dose and take the next dose at the scheduled time.

Can I take Cilostazole with aspirin?

Yes, it is possible to take Cilostazole and aspirin together. However, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to make sure it is safe to do so.

Can Cilostazole be used to treat atherosclerosis?

Cilostazole is not approved for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Talk to your doctor about other treatment options that may be available.

Are there any tests I need to take before starting Cilostazole?

Your healthcare provider may request that you have certain tests, such as a blood test, electrocardiogram (ECG), or chest X-ray prior to starting Cilostazole.

Is Cilostazole a blood thinner?

No, Cilostazole is not a blood thinner. It is a phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitor, which is used to treat the symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and reduce the risk of death from recurrent painful episodes of walking that are associated with intermittent claudication.

What should I avoid while taking Cilostazole?

It is important to avoid activities that may increase your risk of bleeding or cause injury while taking Cilostazole, such as contact sports or activities involving sharp objects. You should also avoid consuming alcohol while taking Cilostazole.

Can Cilostazole be used to treat coronary artery disease?

Cilostazole has been used off-label to treat coronary artery disease. However, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for your condition.

Does Cilostazole cause joint pain?

Joint pain is a rare side effect of Cilostazole. If you experience any joint pain while taking Cilostazole, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately.