Ciclosporine

Ciclosporine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Ciclosporine is a brand name. Its generic name is Cyclosporine.

Ciclosporine

Ciclosporine is a medically-used immunosuppressant drug, prescribed for the prevention of organ rejection in patients who have had a transplant. It is commonly used alongside basiliximab for the prevention of Organ transplant rejection in adults.

Uses For

Ciclosporine is used to reduce the chance of organ transplant rejection in people who have undergone a transplant operation. Additionally, it may be prescribed for conditions such as severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

Mechanism of Action

Ciclosporine acts by inhibiting the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and suppressing the activity of T-cells. In turn, this suppresses the activity of the immune system and prevents it from attacking the transplanted organ.

How Long Does It Take To Work?

The effects of cyclosporine can be seen within hours after it is taken. Its effects on preventing organ rejection can typically take anywhere from days to months and an organ transplant can take up to two years.

Absorption

Ciclosporine is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, with peak levels occurring in approximately one hour. It has a bioavailability of up to 99.6%.

Route of Elimination

Ciclosporine is mainly eliminated through urinary excretion, with 20-60% eliminated unchanged in the urine. The remainder undergoes hepatic biotransformation and is eliminated in bile as metabolites.

Dosage

The dosage of cyclosporine varies depending on the disease being treated and the patient's weight. The dosage for the prevention of organ transplant rejection typically ranges from 1000 mg/day to 4000 mg/day. The dose should be adjusted based on the patient's response to the medication.

Administration

Ciclosporine is available in different forms, including tablets, capsules, ointment, and an oral solution. It is typically taken two to four times a day, with or without food.

Side Effects

Common side effects with cyclosporine include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, dizziness, increased blood pressure, fluid retention, rash, and changes in hair color. Some side effects may be serious and should be reported to a doctor promptly.

Toxicity

High doses of cyclosporine can be toxic. Symptoms of toxicity can include a decrease in kidney function, as well as changes in liver function tests.

Precautions

Ciclosporine should be used with caution in patients with kidney or liver disease, as well as in patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding. It is important to monitor blood pressure, kidney and liver function regularly in people taking this medication.

Interaction

Ciclosporine can interact with a variety of medications, including antifungals, certain antibiotics, antidepressants, antacids, and other immunosuppressants, among others. In addition, consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice can also interfere with this medication.

Disease Interaction

Ciclosporine can interact with certain medical conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, diabetes, uncontrolled high blood pressure, and congestive heart failure. In addition, people with certain mental health issues such as depression and anxiety may experience worsened symptoms while taking this medication.

Drug Interaction

Ciclosporine can interact with other medications, including antifungals, antibiotics, antidepressants, antacids, and immunosuppressants, among others. It is important to tell your doctor about all of the medications you are taking, as this may lead to dangerous side effects or reduce the effectiveness of the medication.

Food Interactions

It is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist about any food or drink you are consuming, as some may interact with cyclosporine. Eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice can interfere with this medication and increase your risk of side effects.

Pregnancy Use

Ciclosporine should not be used during pregnancy as it can cause harm to a developing baby. Women should use effective contraception during treatment and for one month after treatment is stopped.

Lactation Use

Ciclosporine is contraindicated in nursing mothers because its active metabolites can be transferred through breastmilk and cause serious illness in infants.

Acute Overdose

An acute overdose of cyclosporine is potentially serious and can lead to serious side effects such as vomiting, nausea, increased blood pressure, renal failure, and liver toxicity. In cases of an overdose, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Contraindication

Ciclosporine is contraindicated in people with known hypersensitivity to the medication, as well as in those with active infections or severe heart, liver or kidney disease, and in nursing mothers.

Use Directions

Ciclosporine should be taken exactly as directed by the doctor. The dosage should be adjusted based on the patient's response to the medication and blood tests should be performed regularly to monitor the levels of the medication.

Storage Conditions

Ciclosporine should be stored at room temperature away from heat and moisture. It should be kept away from pets and children and should not be exposed to light for long periods of time.

Volume of Distribution

Ciclosporine has a volume of distribution of approximately 0.45-0.69 L/kg.

Half Life

The half-life of cyclosporine is approximately 12-17 hours.

Clearance

Ciclosporine has a clearance of approximately 1.14-2.9 L/hr/kg.

Here you find in details version of Ciclosporine

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Ciclosporine

What is Ciclosporine?

Ciclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication used to treat various autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis. It works by reducing inflammation and helping to prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs.

How long does Ciclosporine take to start working?

Ciclosporine may take up to several weeks to start working and peak effectiveness. Improvement in symptoms is usually seen within four to six weeks of starting the medication.

Are there any side effects of Ciclosporine?

The most common side effects of Ciclosporine are hypertension, increased creatinine levels, kidney issues, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Severe side effects may occur, such as anaphylaxis, rash, and infections. Less common side effects may include convulsions, tremor, and hirsutism.

Who should not use Ciclosporine?

Ciclosporine should not be used by anyone with active infections, a weakened immune system, a history of seizures, or those taking other medications that may interact with Ciclosporine.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Ciclosporine?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Ciclosporine, as it could increase the risk of side effects. You should talk to your doctor before drinking alcohol while taking Ciclosporine.

What is the usual dose for Ciclosporine?

The usual starting dose for Ciclosporine is 1 to 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, divided into two or three doses. Your doctor may adjust the dose depending on how you respond to the medication.

Can I take Ciclosporine if I am pregnant?

Ciclosporine should not be used during pregnancy, due to the risk of harm to the fetus. It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Ciclosporine while pregnant.

Should I take Ciclosporine with food or without food?

It is recommended to take Ciclosporine with food or a snack to reduce the risk of stomach upset. Drinking a glass of water with the dose may also help to reduce side effects.

How often should I have my blood tested while taking Ciclosporine?

Your doctor will usually recommend you have blood tests every 3 to 6 months while taking Ciclosporine, to monitor kidney function and other blood levels. It is important to attend all scheduled blood tests and follow your doctor's instructions.

What should I do if I forgot to take a dose of Ciclosporine?

If you forget to take a dose of Ciclosporine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed dose.

Can I take other medications while taking Ciclosporine?

Some medications can interact with Ciclosporine, so it is important to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements. Your doctor may need to adjust dosages or monitor you more closely for side effects.

What can I do to reduce the side effects of Ciclosporine?

To reduce the side effects of Ciclosporine, try to drink plenty of fluids, get regular exercise, and eat healthful foods. There are also steps you can take to help reduce the risk of kidney damage, such as avoiding other medications that can harm the kidneys.

Can I stop taking Ciclosporine?

It is important to talk to your doctor before stopping Ciclosporine, as it could cause your condition to worsen. The doctor may recommend slowly tapering off the medication to reduce the risk of side effects.

Does Ciclosporine cause weight gain?

In some cases, Ciclosporine may cause weight gain and an increase in appetite. This should be monitored closely with regular blood tests and your doctor may need to adjust your dose.

Is Ciclosporine safe for long-term use?

Ciclosporine is generally considered safe for long-term use, however it is important to have regular blood tests and monitor for any potential side effects. It is important to talk to your doctor regularly about the risks and benefits of taking Ciclosporine.

What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction to Ciclosporine?

If you experience an allergic reaction to Ciclosporine such as rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling, you should call your doctor or seek medical attention immediately.

Does Ciclosporine cause hair loss?

Ciclosporine may cause mild to moderate hair loss or thinning of the hair. If this occurs, talk to your doctor about switching medications or taking a hair supplement.

Can I get a tattoo while taking Ciclosporine?

It is not recommended to get a tattoo while taking Ciclosporine, as it puts you at a higher risk of skin infections. If you decide to get a tattoo, it is important to follow all aftercare instructions and monitor for any symptoms of infection.

Can Ciclosporine interact with other medications?

Yes, Ciclosporine may interact with other medications, including antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, and certain medications used to treat heart or blood pressure conditions. It is important to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking.

Can Ciclosporine be used to treat psoriasis?

Yes, Ciclosporine is commonly used to treat psoriasis. It works by reducing inflammation and can help to reduce skin lesions and plaques associated with psoriasis.

How long does it take for Ciclosporine to leave your system?

Ciclosporine is typically eliminated within four to five days of stopping the medication. However, it may take up to two weeks for your body to completely eliminate Ciclosporine.

What other conditions can Ciclosporine be used to treat?

Ciclosporine can be used to treat several autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.

Does Ciclosporine have any age restrictions?

Ciclosporine is approved for use in adults and children over 2 years of age. Children under 2 years of age should not take Ciclosporine.

Can I consume grapefruit while taking Ciclosporine?

Yes, you can consume grapefruit while taking Ciclosporine, however be sure to inform your doctor first as grapefruit can interact with other medications.

Does Ciclosporine lower cholesterol?

Yes, Ciclosporine may lower cholesterol levels. Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor your cholesterol levels.

Should I wear sunscreen while taking Ciclosporine?

Yes, it is recommended to wear sunscreen while taking Ciclosporine, as it can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Make sure to apply a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every two hours.

What should I do if I experience nausea while taking Ciclosporine?

Nausea is a common side effect of Ciclosporine. Eating smaller meals more often and avoiding fatty or spicy foods may help reduce nausea. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to help reduce symptoms.

Can I donate blood while taking Ciclosporine?

No, you should not donate blood while taking Ciclosporine. This is because Ciclosporine can cause serious side effects in recipients.

Can Ciclosporine cause vision problems?

Yes, in rare cases Ciclosporine can cause vision problems, such as blurred vision. If you experience any changes in vision, it is important to contact your doctor immediately.

Can I take a vitamin supplement while taking Ciclosporine?

Yes, however it is important to talk to your doctor before taking any supplement, as some can interact with Ciclosporine or cause other side effects.

What are the long-term side effects of Ciclosporine?

Long-term side effects of Ciclosporine may include an increased risk of infection, kidney damage, high cholesterol, and increased risk of tumors. It is important to have regular blood tests and talk to your doctor about any potential long-term side effects.

Should I limit my intake of caffeine while taking Ciclosporine?

It is not necessary to limit your intake of caffeine while taking Ciclosporine, however it is important to talk to your doctor before making any changes to your diet.

Can I take Ciclosporine if I have hypertension?

Yes, however it is important to talk to your doctor before starting Ciclosporine, as it can cause an increase in blood pressure. Your doctor may adjust the dose or monitor your blood pressure more closely.

Can Ciclosporine be used to treat ulcerative colitis?

Yes, Ciclosporine can be used to treat ulcerative colitis in combination with other medications. It works by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation in the colon.

What happens if I overdose on Ciclosporine?

If you think you have overdosed on Ciclosporine, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose include weak or shallow breathing, cold or clammy skin, and changes in vision.

How should I store Ciclosporine?

Ciclosporine should be stored at room temperature and away from direct light. It is important to keep the medication away from children and pets.

How much does Ciclosporine cost?

The cost of Ciclosporine varies depending on the dose and the pharmacy. It is typically covered by most insurance plans, however it is important to check with your insurer before starting the medication.

Is there an alternative to Ciclosporine?

Yes, there are several alternatives to Ciclosporine, including steroids, tumor necrosis factor blockers, and immunosuppressant drugs. Alternatives may depend on your condition and your doctor may recommend a specific medication.

Can I take Ciclosporine while breastfeeding?

No, Ciclosporine is not recommended for use while breastfeeding, as it can pass through breast milk and may harm the baby. Talk to your doctor about other medications that are safe to take while breastfeeding.

What should I do if I experience joint pain while taking Ciclosporine?

Joint pain is a common side effect of Ciclosporine. If you experience joint pain, try to rest the affected joint, use a cold compress, and take anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen. If the pain persists, talk to your doctor.

Can I get a flu shot while taking Ciclosporine?

Yes, you can get a flu shot while taking Ciclosporine, however it is important to talk to your doctor first. Your doctor may also recommend getting the pneumonia vaccine while taking Ciclosporine.

Can I take ibuprofen while taking Ciclosporine?

Yes, you can take ibuprofen while taking Ciclosporine, however it is important to take the recommended dosage and not exceed the maximum daily limit. You should also talk to your doctor before taking other medications that may interact with Ciclosporine.