Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Cefotaxime is a brand name. Its generic name is Cefotaxime.

Cefotaxime Introduction

Cefotaxime is a cephalosporin-type antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections. It belongs to the third-generation cephalosporin class of antibiotics and should only be used after other antibiotics have been considered.

Uses For

Cefotaxime is used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections. It is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Mechanism of Action

Cefotaxime works by interrupting cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The antibiotic prevents bacteria from forming the cross-links between peptidoglycan chains that are necessary for the stability and integrity of bacterial cell walls. This results in a weakened cell wall, which causes cell lysis and death.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Cefotaxime typically begins to work within 2-3 hours of administration. However, the time it takes for the antibiotic to fully eliminate the infection can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's response to the medication.

Absorption

Cefotaxime is well absorbed when taken orally and is also well absorbed following intramuscular administration. As a cephalosporin antibiotic, it is designed to be administered parenterally.

Route of Elimination

Cefotaxime is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, and some is eliminated through the bile as well. Approximately 40% of a dose of the drug is eliminated through the kidneys, while the remaining is eliminated through biliary excretion.

Dosage

The dosage and administration of cefotaxime vary depending on the severity and type of infection being treated. Generally, the drug is administered as an intravenous infusion over 30-60 minutes. The typical recommended dose for adults is 500-1000mg every 8-12 hours for mild to moderate infections, and 2g every 8 hours for severe infections. For children, the dosage is 30-50mg/kg per day in divided doses every 6-8 hours.

Administration

Cefotaxime is usually administered intravenously as an infusion over a period of 30-60 minutes or as an intramuscular injection. Intramuscular injections should be administered slowly and deeply into the gluteal muscle.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cefotaxime include mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and benign skin reactions. Less common but more serious side effects include allergic reactions, fever, chills, sore throat, abdominal pain, and joint pain. Rarely, cefotaxime can cause seizures, coma, confusion, and kidney problems.

Toxicity

Cefotaxime is generally well tolerated in most people, but it is not recommended for use in individuals with a penicillin allergic reaction. Overdosing also can lead to severe side effects, including convulsions, watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, and confusion.

Precautions

Cefotaxime should be used with caution in people with kidney or liver impairments. People with a history of allergies to other antibiotics and those with heart or blood diseases should discuss with their doctor before taking the drug. In addition, cefotaxime should not be taken if there is an active infection with a virus, fungus, or parasite.

Interactions

Cefotaxime has been known to interact with a number of other drugs, including other antibiotics, anticoagulants, and anticonvulsants. Patients should be instructed to let their healthcare provider know of any drug or herbal supplements they are taking before starting cefotaxime treatment.

Disease Interactions

Cefotaxime can interact with some diseases and conditions, such as kidney/liver diseases, active infection with a virus, fungus, or parasite, or a history of allergy to penicillins. Patients with any of these diseases or conditions should talk to their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Drug Interactions

Cefotaxime can interact with some drugs that may effect the way they work, or can make the side effects worse. These include anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, birth control pills, and diuretics. Patients should tell their doctor about all medications they are taking before starting cefotaxime to prevent possible interactions.

Food Interactions

Cefotaxime may interact with food. Foods that contain calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and zinc can decrease the absorption of cefotaxime. Patients should ask their doctor or pharmacist about their food interactions before taking cefotaxime.

Pregnancy Use

Cefotaxime is generally not recommended for use in pregnant women. Studies in animals have demonstrated fetal harm, and it is unknown if it can cause similar effects in humans. Pregnant women should consult their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Lactation Use

Cefotaxime is excreted in human milk and may lead to milk-borne infections in infants. Therefore, women who are breastfeeding should discuss with their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Acute Overdose

An acute overdose of cefotaxime can lead to severe side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and coma. Immediate medical attention should be sought if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindication

Cefotaxime is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics, such as cefotaxime, or any of its ingredients. Patients with a history of allergy to penicillins should also avoid taking cefotaxime.

Use Direction

The recommended dosage and duration of treatment with cefotaxime can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Always follow your doctor's instructions and the directions on the prescription label. Do not take more or less than the recommended dose or duration of treatment.

Storage Conditions

Cefotaxime should be stored at room temperature away from direct light and moisture. Keep the medication in the original container and tightly closed when not in use. Do not freeze the medication or leave it out of reach of children and pets.

Volume of Distribution

The estimated volume of distribution (Vd) of cefotaxime is 0.4L/kg. This volume of distribution is a measure of the amount of drug that is present in the body and indicates how well it is distributed in the body.

Half Life

The half-life of cefotaxime is between 0.68-1.8 hours in adults, and 1.5-4.2 hours in newborns. This is the time it takes for the body to reduce the concentration of a drug by half.

Clearance

The clearance rate of cefotaxime is 0.24L/h/kg. This is a measure of how quickly the body eliminates the drug. The higher the clearance rate, the faster the drug is eliminated from the body.

Here you find in details version of Cefotaxime

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Cefotaxime

What is Cefotaxime?

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as some anaerobic bacteria.

What types of infections is Cefotaxime used to treat?

Cefotaxime is used to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as some anaerobic bacteria, e.g. sepsis, meningitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and ear/stomach/intestine/skin/bone and joint infections.

What are the side effects of Cefotaxime?

The most common side effects observed with Cefotaxime include nausea, diarrhoea, rash, headache and yeast infection. Less common side effects include abdominal pain, indigestion, dizziness, vomiting, constipation and itching.

What is the standard dosage for Cefotaxime?

The standard dosage for Cefotaxime is 1 to 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection, as prescribed by the doctor.

Does Cefotaxime have any interactions with other medications?

Yes. Cefotaxime may interact with other medications, such as probenecid, methotrexate, and warfarin. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication, including Cefotaxime, to check for possible interactions.

What are the warnings for taking Cefotaxime?

Cefotaxime may cause an overgrowth of Candida, a fungus which can cause vaginal and other types of yeast infections. Patients with kidney or liver disease, diabetes or HIV/AIDS may be at an increased risk of side effects, and may need to have their dose adjusted. Always consult your doctor before taking Cefotaxime.

Is Cefotaxime safe for children?

Yes, Cefotaxime is considered safe for use in children. However, dosage may be adjusted based on individual child's weight and age, as instructed by the doctor.

Can Cefotaxime be used for treating gonorrhea?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used to treat gonorrhea, although it is not the first-line treatment. It is usually prescribed as part of a combination therapy.

Are there any long-term side effects of taking Cefotaxime?

Long-term use of Cefotaxime may cause overgrowth of Candida, a yeast infection which can affect the vagina, mouth and other parts of the body. Long-term use may also cause other side effects, such as diarrhea, rash and headache.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Cefotaxime?

If you miss a dose of Cefotaxime, take it as soon as you can. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double your dose to make up for the missed one.

Can I take antacids with Cefotaxime?

Yes, you can take antacids with Cefotaxime, but make sure to leave a gap of at least two hours between the antacid and Cefotaxime. This is because antacids can change the way Cefotaxime is absorbed into the bloodstream.

What is the storage condition of Cefotaxime?

Cefotaxime should be stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep it in the original packaging until you are ready to take it. Do not refrigerate Cefotaxime, as this may affect its potency.

Is Cefotaxime safe during pregnancy?

Yes, Cefotaxime is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy, but the doctor will need to decide if it is appropriate for you. If you are pregnant, you should inform your doctor before taking Cefotaxime.

Can Cefotaxime be used for long-term treatment?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used for long-term treatment, although your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or duration of treatment based on individual cases. It is important to take Cefotaxime exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

What are the most common adverse effects of Cefotaxime?

The most common adverse effects observed with Cefotaxime include nausea, diarrhoea, rash, headache and yeast infection. Less common adverse effects include abdominal pain, indigestion, dizziness, vomiting, constipation and itching.

What should I avoid while taking Cefotaxime?

Avoid grapefruit juice, as it may interact with Cefotaxime and cause side effects. Avoid taking alcohol while taking Cefotaxime as it may increase the risk of certain side effects. Also, if you are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics, you should avoid taking Cefotaxime.

Does Cefotaxime affect the liver?

Yes, Cefotaxime can affect the liver, although it is usually seen in rare cases. Patients with Hepatic Impairment (liver disease) may need to have their dose adjusted, as instructed by the doctor.

Can Cefotaxime be used to treat a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used to treat a urinary tract infection (UTI), although it is not the first-line treatment. Your doctor may prescribe it if more commonly-used antibiotics fail to treat your infection.

Can I take Cefotaxime if I am allergic to Penicillin?

Yes, you can take Cefotaxime if you are allergic to Penicillin, as Cefotaxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic. However, before taking Cefotaxime, tell your doctor if you are allergic to Penicillin, as well as any other medications or food products.

Can I take Cefotaxime if I am taking Warfarin?

Yes, you can take Cefotaxime if you are taking Warfarin, although it is important to inform your doctor as both medications can interact with each other. Your doctor may adjust the dose of either or both medications to avoid possible interaction between them.

Is Cefotaxime safe during breastfeeding?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be taken during breastfeeding, although the doctor may need to adjust the dosage accordingly. Always inform your doctor if you are breastfeeding before taking Cefotaxime.

What are the signs or symptoms that Cefotaxime is not working?

If your symptoms have not improved after taking Cefotaxime for two to three days, or have worsened, it may be sign that Cefotaxime is not working for you. Contact your doctor immediately for further check-up and advice.

What is the usual duration of treatment with Cefotaxime?

The usual duration of treatment with Cefotaxime is 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection. Your doctor may also adjust the dosage or duration of treatment based on individual case.

What type of bacteria does Cefotaxime treat?

Cefotaxime is used to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as some anaerobic bacteria.

What does Cefotaxime interact with?

Cefotaxime may interact with other medications, such as probenecid, methotrexate, and warfarin. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication, including Cefotaxime, to check for possible interactions.

Can I take Cefotaxime with food?

Yes, you can take Cefotaxime with food, although it is advised to take it at least 1 hour before or 1 hour after meals. This is to ensure that the Cefotaxime is absorbed properly into the bloodstream.

Is Cefotaxime effective against staphylococcal infections?

Yes, Cefotaxime is effective against staphylococcal infections, as it belongs to a class of antibiotics known as cephalosporins, which work by killing or inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria.

Are there any what is the difference between Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime?

Yes, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime are two different antibiotics. Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin used to treat a variety of infections, while Ceftazidime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin used to treat serious infections.

Is Cefotaxime safe to use for a long period of time?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used for a long period of time, although your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or duration of treatment based on individual cases. It is important to take Cefotaxime exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Does Cefotaxime cause any allergic reactions?

Yes, Cefotaxime may cause allergic reactions in some people, such as skin rash, itching or swelling of the face, lips or tongue, difficulty breathing or dizziness. If you experience any of these symptoms, stop taking Cefotaxime and inform your doctor immediately.

Can I take Cefotaxime with other antibiotics?

Yes, you can take Cefotaxime with other antibiotics, although it is important to inform your doctor as some antibiotics may interact with Cefotaxime. Your doctor may adjust the dose or duration of treatment to avoid possible interactions.

Is Cefotaxime safe to take with other medications?

Yes, you can take Cefotaxime with other medications, but it is important to inform your doctor as certain medications may interact with Cefotaxime. Always check with your doctor if it is safe to take Cefotaxime with any other medications.

Can Cefotaxime cause dizziness or drowsiness?

Yes, Cefotaxime may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some patients. It is important to take this medication with caution, especially when driving or operating machinery. If you experience any dizziness or drowsiness, stop taking Cefotaxime and inform your doctor immediately.

Can Cefotaxime be used to treat bacterial meningitis?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used to treat bacterial meningitis, although it is usually used in combination with another antibiotic. It is important to take Cefotaxime exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

What are the precautions to be taken while taking Cefotaxime?

Cefotaxime should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have any allergies or kidney or liver disease. Avoid grapefruit juice or alcohol while taking Cefotaxime.

Can Cefotaxime be used for bacterial vaginosis?

Yes, Cefotaxime can be used for bacterial vaginosis, although it is usually used in combination with another antibiotic. It is important to take Cefotaxime as prescribed by your doctor.

Are there any over-the-counter alternatives to Cefotaxime?

No, there are no over-the-counter alternatives to Cefotaxime. Cefotaxime is a prescription medication, and must be taken under the supervision of a doctor.

Can Cefotaxime be taken with probenecid?

Yes,