Azathioprine

Azathioprine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Azathioprine is a brand name. Its generic name is Azathioprine.

Introduction

Azathioprine (brand name Imuran) is an immunosuppressive drug used to treat autoimmune diseases and to prevent organ transplant rejection. It works by suppressing the body’s immune system, slowing down its ability to produce antibodies and other immune cells that attack and damage healthy cells, tissues, and organs.

Uses for

Azathioprine is mainly used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. It is also used to help prevent organ transplant rejection.

Mechanism of Action

Azathioprine works by inhibiting the growth of new immune system cells. It does this by blocking the production of certain amino acids necessary for cell growth and division. Azathioprine also inhibits the production of other immune system cells that can attack and damage healthy cells.

How Long Does it Take To Work?

It typically takes at least 2 to 3 weeks before the full therapeutic effects of azathioprine are seen. The time frame may vary depending on the individual and the disease being treated.

Absorption

Azathioprine is absorbed rapidly following oral administration. It is metabolized in the liver and is eliminated mainly through the kidneys.

Route of Elimination

Azathioprine is primarily eliminated from the body through the urine. Some of the metabolized drug is also excreted in the bile.

Dosage

The usual initial oral dose of Azathioprine is 2 to 3 mg per kg of body weight per day, divided into two equal doses and taken with food. The dose may be increased by 1 to 2 mg per kg of body weight per day at weekly intervals, up to a maximum dose of 5 to 6 mg per kg of body weight per day.

Administration

Azathioprine should be taken with meals, preferably at the same time each day. It is also available in tablets, capsules, and liquid forms.

Side Effects

Common side effects of azathioprine include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hepatitis, jaundice, bone marrow suppression, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Toxicity

Azathioprine can be toxic if taken in high doses. Overdose can cause liver damage, nausea, vomiting, rash, and decreased immunity.

Precautions

Azathioprine should not be taken by people who are pregnant or nursing, or who have an impaired liver or kidney function. People taking Azathioprine should also avoid exposure to sunlight, since the drug can increase the risk of sunburn.

Interaction

Azathioprine may interact with other drugs, including antibiotics, antifungals, anti-parasitics, and some over the counter medications. People taking Azathioprine should speak with their doctor before taking any new prescription or nonprescription medications.

Disease Interaction

Azathioprine may worsen existing conditions such as leukemia, lupus, or an infection. It may also increase the risk of developing new conditions, such as cancers and other autoimmune diseases.

Drug Interaction

Azathioprine may interact with certain drugs, such as barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and some antibiotics. People taking Azathioprine should speak with their doctor before taking any new prescription or non-prescription medications.

Food Interactions

Azathioprine may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products, citrus juices, and alcoholic beverages. People taking azathioprine should speak with their doctor about any foods that should be avoided.

Pregnancy Use

Azathioprine has not been studied in pregnant women and should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should speak to their doctor before taking Azathioprine.

Lactation Use

Azathioprine has not been studied in nursing mothers and should not be used while breastfeeding. Women who are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed should speak to their doctor before taking Azathioprine.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms of an acute overdose may include nausea, vomiting, rash, decreased immunity, and liver damage. If an overdose is suspected, the person should be taken to an emergency room for evaluation and treatment.

Contraindication

Azathioprine should not be taken by people who are pregnant or nursing, or who have an impaired liver or kidney function. People with a history of blood disorders, or with a weakened immune system, should speak with their doctor before taking azathioprine.

Use Direction

Azathioprine should be taken as directed by your doctor. It is typically taken once or twice daily with food. It is important to take Azathioprine at the same time every day to maintain an even level in your system.

Storage Conditions

Azathioprine should be stored at room temperature in an airtight container. Keep away from heat, moisture, and direct light.

Volume of Distribution

Azathioprine has a volume of distribution of 0.310 L/kg.

Half-Life

The elimination half-life of azathioprine is 2.3 hours.

Clearance

The clearance rate of azathioprine is 0.60 mL/min/kg.

Here you find in details version of Azathioprine

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Azathioprine

What is Azathioprine?

Azathioprine is a medication that is used to treat autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. It is an immune-suppressing drug which works by decreasing the activity of the immune system, helping to slow down the progression of the disease.

What is the usual dosage of Azathioprine?

The usual dosage of Azathioprine is 50-250 mg per day, taken orally. The dose should be adjusted according to the response of your condition.

Is there any difference between Azathioprine and Imuran?

No, they are the same drug. The names are just different brand names for Azathioprine.

What are the side effects of taking Azathioprine?

The most common side effects when taking Azathioprine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach or abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, weakness, constipation, and rash. Other less common side effects include hair loss, dry skin, and vision changes.

Is it safe to take Azathioprine during pregnancy?

It is not recommended to take Azathioprine during pregnancy due to the potential risks to the fetus. Discuss the risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before taking it during pregnancy.

What interactions should be avoided when taking Azathioprine?

Azathioprine may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, steroids, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus, so it is important to discuss potential drug interactions with your doctor before taking Azathioprine.

Can I take Azathioprine with other medications?

Yes, you can take Azathioprine with other medications, but it is important to discuss potential drug interactions with your doctor before taking Azathioprine with any other medications.

What are the potential complications of taking Azathioprine?

The potential complications of taking Azathioprine include liver damage, increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Discuss the potential risks with your doctor before taking the medication.

What should I do if I miss a dose of my Azathioprine?

If you miss a dose of your Azathioprine, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take it at the usual time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Are there any alternatives to Azathioprine?

Yes, there are several alternative medications for treating autoimmune conditions, such as cyclosporine, methotrexate, and leflunomide. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of these medications with your doctor before taking them.

What should I do if I experience a side effect while taking Azathioprine?

If you experience any side effects while taking Azathioprine, it is important to contact your doctor right away. Do not stop taking Azathioprine without consulting your doctor first.

How long does it take Azathioprine to work?

It typically takes several weeks for Azathioprine to start working and begin having an effect on your condition. The length of time may vary depending on the severity of your condition and the dosage of the drug.

Do I need to take Azathioprine for the rest of my life?

It is not always necessary to take Azathioprine for the rest of your life. It is important to discuss this with your doctor so that an individual treatment plan can be devised.

What should I avoid while taking Azathioprine?

It is important to avoid alcohol consumption while taking Azathioprine, as it can increase the risk of liver damage. It is also important to avoid exposure to sunlight and UV lights, as this can increase the risk of skin reactions and other side effects. Discuss any other potential risks and precautions with your doctor.

What should I do if I overdose on Azathioprine?

If you think you have overdosed on Azathioprine, seek medical help right away. Do not take any other medications without consulting your doctor first.

Can Azathioprine be used to treat other conditions besides autoimmune diseases?

Azathioprine may also be used to treat certain skin conditions and some types of cancer, such as lymphoma and dermatomyositis. It is important to discuss any potential risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before taking it.

How is Azathioprine supplied?

Azathioprine is a tablet that is supplied in 25 mg and 50 mg doses. The tablets can be taken orally, or they can be administered as an injection.

What is the recommended storage temperature for Azathioprine?

Azathioprine should be stored at room temperature between 15-25°C (59-77°F). It is important to keep this medication away from light, heat, and moisture.

What makes Azathioprine different from other immunosuppressants?

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug that works by targeting the immune system and decreasing its activity. This makes it different from other immunosuppressants, which may also target other body systems. It is important to discuss any potential risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before taking it.

Can I take Azathioprine if I have certain allergies?

If you have any known allergies, you should discuss them with your doctor before taking Azathioprine. This is to ensure that the drug will be safe for you to take and that you are not at an increased risk of any allergic reactions.

Does Azathioprine increase the risk of infection?

Yes, Azathioprine suppresses the activity of the immune system, which increases the risk of infection. It is important to take any preventative measures you can to avoid getting sick while taking this medication.

Is there a generic version of Azathioprine available?

Yes, there is a generic version of Azathioprine available. The name of the generic version is Imuran.

Can I still take Azathioprine if I have kidney problems?

If you have kidney problems, it is important to discuss them with your doctor before taking Azathioprine. Your doctor may lower the dosage or adjust the frequency of the medication to ensure that it is safe for you to take.

Can I donate blood while taking Azathioprine?

No, it is not recommended to donate blood while taking Azathioprine, as the drug can be passed into the blood supply. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions.

Can I take electrolyte supplements while on Azathioprine?

Yes, you can take electrolyte supplements while taking Azathioprine. However, it is important to check with your doctor before taking any supplements, as they could interact with the medication.

What is the recommended time to take Azathioprine?

It is recommended to take Azathioprine once per day, in the morning. You can take it with or without food. It is important to take the medication at the same time each day to maintain an even level in your system.

Can I take Azathioprine if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

It is not recommended to take Azathioprine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. This is because it can be passed from the mother to the baby and can cause harm. Discuss the potential risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before taking it.

Can Azathioprine cause liver damage?

Yes, taking Azathioprine can increase the risk of liver damage. It is important to discuss any potential risks with your doctor before taking this medication.

Can I take a multivitamin while taking Azathioprine?

Yes, you can take a multivitamin while taking Azathioprine. However, it is important to check with your doctor before taking any additional supplements, as they could interact with the medication.

What are the long-term effects of taking Azathioprine?

The long-term effects of taking Azathioprine can vary, but they can include an increased risk of bone marrow suppression, increased risk of liver damage, and an increased risk of developing certain types of cancers. Discuss any potential long-term effects with your doctor before taking the medication.

Can I take Azathioprine if I have an infection?

No, it is not recommended to take Azathioprine if you have an infection, as it can increase the risk of the infection spreading. It is important to discuss any potential infection with your doctor before taking the medication.

Can I take herbal supplements while taking Azathioprine?

Yes, you can take herbal supplements while taking Azathioprine. However, it is important to check with your doctor before taking any supplements, as they could interact with the medication.

What happens if I accidentally take too much Azathioprine?

If you accidentally take too much Azathioprine, it is important to seek medical help right away. Do not take any other medications without consulting your doctor first.

What should I do if I experience a serious side effect while taking Azathioprine?

If you experience any serious side effects while taking Azathioprine, it is important to get medical help right away. Do not stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor first.

What should I do if I experience a rash or other skin reactions while taking Azathioprine?

If you experience any rash or other skin reactions while taking Azathioprine, it is important to seek medical help right away. Do not stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor first.

Can Azathioprine cause weight gain?

Yes, taking Azathioprine can increase the risk of weight gain. It is important to discuss any potential risks with your doctor before taking the medication.

Is Azathioprine safe for children?

Azathioprine is not recommended for children under the age of 6. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before giving it to a child.

Can I take Azathioprine if I have high blood pressure?

Yes, you can take Azathioprine if you have high blood pressure. However, it is important to discuss any potential risks with your doctor before taking the medication.

Does Azathioprine cause dizziness?

Yes, taking Azathioprine can increase the risk of dizziness. It is important to discuss any potential risks with your doctor before taking the medication.

Does Azathioprine raise blood sugar levels?

Yes, taking Azathioprine can increase the risk of high blood sugar levels. It is important to discuss any potential risks with your doctor before taking the medication.

Is it safe to take Azathioprine if I have heart disease?

It is not recommended to take Azathioprine if you have heart disease, as the drug can increase the risk of complications. Discuss the potential risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor before taking it.

Can I take Azathioprine if I have an allergy to other medications?

If you have any known allergies, it is important to discuss them with your doctor before taking Azathioprine. This is to ensure that the drug will be safe for you to take and that you are not at an increased risk of any allergic reactions.