Atovacuona
Atovacuona Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Atovacuona is a brand name. Its generic name is Atovaquone.
Atovacuona
Atovacuona is a medication used to treat certain parasites and protozoa infections. It is marketed by Actelion Pharmaceuticals under the trade name Mepron® and is available as an oral suspension.
Uses for
Atovacuona is used to treat a variety of parasitic infections, including:
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- Toxoplasmosis
- Chagas disease
- Malaria
Mechanism of Action
Atovacuona works by inhibiting the production of an important mitochondrial enzyme that parasites need to survive. By blocking this enzyme, atovaquone interferes with the parasites’ energy production and growth, which leads to their death.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Atovacuona generally begins to work within a few days, depending on the infection being treated. It can take several weeks or months for the infection to be completely cleared up, however.
Absorption
Atovacuona is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. Peak serum levels of the drug occur 1-6 hours after administration.
Route of Elimination
Atovacuona is eliminated primarily via the hepatic and renal systems. Approximately 60% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dosage
Atovacuona is available as an oral suspension in 250 mg/5ml. The recommended dose depends on the infection being treated, the patient’s weight, and the patient’s general health. It is usually taken two to four times a day with plenty of fluids.
- Malaria: 750 mg (3 mL) twice a day for 21 days
- Toxoplasmosis: 2000 mg (8 mL) twice a day for 28 days
- Chagas disease: 750 mg twice a day for 28 days
- Pneumocystis pneumonia: 1000-1500 mg (4-6 mL) twice a day for 21 days
Administration
Atovacuona should be taken with food or a full glass of water to ensure adequate absorption. It should not be taken with antacids, bismuth, calciums, or iron as these can reduce absorption of the drug.
Side Effects
Atovacuona may cause side effects such as upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. If these side effects become severe or do not go away, contact your doctor.
Toxicity
Atovacuona is generally safe and well-tolerated at the recommended doses. Overdose of the drug can cause serious side effects that may require medical attention.
Precautions
Atovacuona should not be used in patients who are taking any medications containing bismuth, iron, or calciums, as these may reduce absorption of the drug. Atovacuona should also not be used in patients who are taking any other medications for parasitic infections, as these can interact with atovaquone and cause serious side effects.
Interaction
Atovacuona can interact with a number of other medications and should not be taken with antacids, bismuth, calciums, or iron. It can also interact with other medications for parasitic infections, so be sure to tell your doctor about all medications that you are taking before starting atovaquone.
Disease Interaction
Atovacuona can interact with certain medical conditions. People with kidney disease, liver disease, or any other chronic health conditions should be monitored closely while taking this medication.
Drug Interaction
Atovacuona can interact with a number of other medications. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications and supplements that you are taking before taking this medication.
Food Interactions
Atovacuona should be taken with food or a full glass of water to ensure adequate absorption. Eating certain types of food or taking certain medications may reduce the effectiveness of atovaquone, so talk to your doctor before eating certain foods.
Pregnancy Use
Atovacuona is not recommended for use in pregnant women unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Lactation Use
Atovacuona is not recommended for use while breastfeeding. Be sure to discuss with your doctor any medications that you are taking or considering taking while breastfeeding.
Acute Overdose
If you or someone else has taken an overdose of atovaquone, call your doctor or a poison control center immediately. Symptoms of an overdose can include vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, and fatigue.
Contraindication
The use of atovaquone is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Use Directions
Atovacuona should be taken as directed by your doctor. It should be taken with food or a full glass of water to ensure adequate absorption. Make sure you take the full course of the medication. Do not stop taking the medication if you start to feel better.
Storage Conditions
Atovacuona should be stored at room temperature and away from light and moisture. It should also be kept out of the reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of atovaquone is approximately 18 L/kg.
Half Life
The half life of atovaquone is approximately 21 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of atovaquone is approximately 0.7 L/h/kg.
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