Allopurinol BP
Allopurinol BP Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Allopurinol BP is a brand name. Its generic name is Allopurinol.
Introduction
Allopurinol BP is a medical drug used in the treatment of gout and certain types of kidney stones. It is used to reduce urate production and reduce levels of serum uric acid. Allopurinol BP is also used to treat cancer-related hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. By limiting the amount of uric acid produced, Allopurinol BP helps to lower concentrations of uric acid in the blood.
Uses
Allopurinol BP is primarily used for the prevention and treatment of gout and kidney stones. It is also used to reduce the risk of recurrent gout attacks and to treat tumor lysis syndrome, a metabolic complication associated with cancer chemotherapy. Allopurinol BP can also be used to prevent uric acid accumulation in the body caused by certain medical conditions, such as certain forms of kidney and bone marrow diseases.
Mechanism of Action
Allopurinol BP works by blocking the enzyme xanthine oxidase. This enzyme is responsible for converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. This process is inhibited by Allopurinol BP, which reduces the amount of uric acid produced in the body. By decreasing the amount of uric acid produced, Allopurinol BP helps to reduce poor blood flow, inflammation, swelling, and pain, which are common symptoms of gout and other forms of arthritis or joint infection.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
The effects of Allopurinol BP can be noticed within 1-2 weeks of starting the treatment. Many patients who take Allopurinol BP notice a reduction in pain and discomfort within this time frame, as Allopurinol BP is effective in reducing the amount of uric acid in the bloodstream.
Absorption
Allopurinol BP is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration, with plasma concentrations reaching peak levels 1-2 hours after ingestion. The peak plasma concentration is proportional to the dose taken. Allopurinol BP is widely distributed throughout the body, with a volume of distribution estimated at 0.5 to 1 L/kg.
Route of Elimination
Allopurinol BP is mainly eliminated through the renal route. It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Some of the metabolites are excreted through the bile. Approximately 80% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug and metabolites.
Dosage
- Adults: The usual dose of Allopurinol BP is 200 to 800 mg/day given as a single daily dose or divided and given in 2 to 3 daily doses.
- Children: The dose of Allopurinol BP in children is determined by body weight. A normal starting dose for children 1 year of age or older is 5-10 mg/kg/day. The dose may be adjusted in increments of 5-10 mg/kg/day as needed until a satisfactory response is achieved.
- Elderly: The usual dose of Allopurinol BP in elderly patients is 200 to 400 mg/day given as a single daily dose or divided and given in 2 daily doses.
Administration
Allopurinol BP should be taken orally, usually once daily or as directed by your doctor. It can be taken with or without food. Allopurinol BP tablets should not be crushed, broken, or chewed before swallowing.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of Allopurinol BP include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, itching, rash, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and joint pain. Other less common side effects may include muscle pain, fever, blood in the urine, inflammation of the eyes and liver or renal function test abnormalities. If any of these side effects occur, you should contact your doctor as soon as possible.
Toxicity
Allopurinol BP has been associated with rare cases of serious and potentially fatal liver damage, while other toxicities such as rashes, angioedema, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported.
Precautions
You should not take Allopurinol BP if you are allergic to it or any of its components, or if you have a history of liver or kidney disease. Allopurinol BP should be used with caution in patients with severe gout, kidney impairment, or diabetes. It should also be avoided in pregnant women unless clearly needed and some caution should be taken in nursing mothers. Additionally, you should inform your doctor if you have any allergies, are taking any other medications, or have any existing medical conditions.
Interactions
Allopurinol BP may interact with certain medications, including cholestyramine, thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and sulfinpyrazone. These interactions can increase, decrease, or alter the effectiveness of Allopurinol BP or other medications. It is important to discuss any medication you are taking with your doctor before starting Allopurinol BP.
Disease Interaction
Allopurinol BP can interact with certain diseases or medical conditions, increasing, decreasing, or altering its effects. These include gout, kidney impairment, diabetes, hypothyroidism, liver disease, anemia, and hypertension. It is important to discuss any medical condition you have with your doctor before starting Allopurinol BP.
Drug Interaction
Allopurinol BP can interact with certain drugs, including cholestyramine, thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and sulfinpyrazone. These interactions can increase, decrease, or alter the effectiveness of Allopurinol BP or other medications. It is important to discuss any medication you are taking with your doctor before starting Allopurinol BP.
Food Interactions
Consumption of foods and beverages containing caffeine, alcohol, or sugar can affect the absorption of Allopurinol BP. Additionally, certain foods may increase or decrease the effectiveness of Allopurinol BP. It is important to discuss any dietary plan you have with your doctor before starting Allopurinol BP.
Pregnancy Use
Allopurinol BP is classified as pregnancy category D due to its potential to cause harm to the fetus if used during pregnancy. Animal studies have revealed adverse reactions on fetal development when pregnant animals have been treated with Allopurinol BP. Therefore, your doctor may not recommend the use of Allopurinol BP during pregnancy. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding must consult with their doctor before taking Allopurinol BP.
Lactation Use
Allopurinol BP is classified as pregnancy category L3, meaning that it is unlikely to cause harm to nursing infants when used during lactation. However, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding must consult with their doctor before taking Allopurinol BP.
Acute Overdose
An overdose of Allopurinol BP can cause symptoms such as drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, nausea, seizures, and severe abdominal or back pain. If you or someone you know has taken an overdose of Allopurinol BP, seek immediate medical attention. Do not attempt to induce vomiting or take any other action until a medical professional advises you to do so.
Contraindication
Allopurinol BP should not be used in patients who are allergic to it or any of its components. Additionally, Allopurinol BP should not be used by individuals who have a history of liver or kidney disease, diabetes, or hypothyroidism.
Use Direction
Allopurinol BP should be taken orally, usually once daily or as directed by your doctor. Allopurinol BP tablets should not be crushed, broken, or chewed before swallowing.
Storage Condition
Allopurinol BP should be stored at room temperature in a dark and dry place. The tablets should not be exposed to light, moisture, or extreme temperatures.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Allopurinol BP is estimated to be 0.5-1 L/kg.
Half Life
The plasma half-life of Allopurinol BP is estimated to be 1.9-4.5 hours.
Clearance
The renal clearance of Allopurinol BP is approximately 80 mL/min.
Here you find in details version of Allopurinol BP
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Allopurinol BP
What is Allopurinol BP?
Allopurinol BP is a form of medication used to help lower the levels of uric acid in the body. It is primarily prescribed to help treat conditions like gout and certain kinds of kidney stones.
Is Allopurinol BP safe?
Yes, Allopurinol BP is generally considered to be a safe medication when taken as directed. Talk to your doctor if you have any specific questions or concerns about the risks associated with using Allopurinol BP.
How long does it take for Allopurinol BP to start working?
Most people start to feel the effects of Allopurinol BP after about a week of consistent use. Make sure to talk to your doctor about any changes you notice in your condition during this time.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Allopurinol BP?
No. You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking Allopurinol BP as this can increase the risk of experiencing side effects. Talk to your doctor if you have any specific questions or concerns about drinking and taking Allopurinol BP.
Does Allopurinol BP cause weight gain?
No. Allopurinol BP does not directly cause weight gain. However, some of the side effects of Allopurinol BP can include increased appetite, which may lead to weight gain.
Does Allopurinol BP affect kidney function?
Allopurinol BP may have a slight effect on kidney function in some people. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you have any preexisting kidney problems as Allopurinol BP may not be the right medication for you.
What are common side effects of Allopurinol BP?
Common side effects of Allopurinol BP can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, and dizziness. Talk to your doctor if any of these side effects become worse or if you experience anything else that seems abnormal or concerning.
Can Allopurinol BP be used to treat pain?
No. Allopurinol BP is primarily prescribed to help lower the levels of uric acid in the body. If you are experiencing pain you should talk to your doctor about medications or other treatments that may be able to help you.
What is the proper dosage for Allopurinol BP?
The proper dosage for Allopurinol BP depends on your age, weight, and condition. Talk to your doctor about what dose is appropriate for you.
Can Allopurinol BP be used for long-term treatment?
Yes. Allopurinol BP can be taken for long-term treatment of conditions like gout and certain kinds of kidney stones. Talk to your doctor about whether Allopurinol BP is right for your situation.
Does Allopurinol BP interact with other medications?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can interact with other medications including antibiotics, diuretics, and chemotherapeutic agents. Talk to your doctor about which medications may interact with Allopurinol BP and what the potential risks are.
Can I take Allopurinol BP while pregnant?
No. Allopurinol BP should not be taken while pregnant and should be avoided by anyone who is nursing. Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are nursing.
How often should I take Allopurinol BP?
The frequency of taking Allopurinol BP will depend on your specific condition and may vary from person to person. Talk to your doctor about what schedule is best for you.
Can I take Allopurinol BP with food?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can typically be taken with food. Talk to your doctor about any specific instructions you should follow when taking Allopurinol BP.
Can Allopurinol BP be used to prevent gout?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be used to prevent gout flare-ups by reducing the amount of uric acid in the body. Talk to your doctor to see if Allopurinol BP is a good prevention option for you.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Allopurinol BP?
If you miss a dose of Allopurinol BP, it is important that you take the missed dose as soon as possible. If it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next dose at the regular time.
Should I avoid sunlight while taking Allopurinol BP?
Yes. Allopurinol BP can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, so you should avoid direct sunlight or use sunscreen when going outdoors. Talk to your doctor about any specific instructions you should follow.
Are there any alternative treatments for gout?
Yes, there are alternative treatments for gout. Treatment options may include dietary changes, over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen, or lifestyle changes. Talk to your doctor about which options may be right for you.
Can Allopurinol BP cause hair loss?
No, Allopurinol BP is not known to cause hair loss. However, some people may experience hair loss due to the condition being treated with Allopurinol BP.
What is the maximum daily dose of Allopurinol BP?
The maximum daily dosage of Allopurinol BP will depend on your specific condition and any other medicines you are taking. Talk to your doctor about what dosage is right for you.
Are there any tests I should take before starting Allopurinol BP?
Yes, your doctor may want to run several tests before starting Allopurinol BP, including blood tests to check your kidney and liver function, as well as urine tests to check for any existing uric acid levels. Talk to your doctor about any specific tests you should take.
Can Allopurinol BP be used to treat kidney stones?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be used to help dissolve certain types of kidney stones. Talk to your doctor about whether Allopurinol BP is right for you.
Will I need to take Allopurinol BP forever?
No, you may not need to take Allopurinol BP forever. The length of your treatment will depend on your condition. Talk to your doctor about how long you should continue taking Allopurinol BP.
Does Allopurinol BP cause headaches?
Yes, headaches can be a common side effect of Allopurinol BP. Talk to your doctor if you experience any frequent or severe headaches while taking Allopurinol BP.
What should I do if I overdose on Allopurinol BP?
If you think you have taken too much Allopurinol BP, call 911 or your local poison control center immediately. You should also contact your doctor as soon as possible.
Can I take Allopurinol BP if I have diabetes?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be taken if you have diabetes. However, you should talk to your doctor about potential interactions between Allopurinol BP and your diabetic medication.
Is Allopurinol BP a narcotic?
No, Allopurinol BP is not a narcotic. It is a form of medication used to help lower the levels of uric acid in the body.
Is Allopurinol BP a steroid?
No, Allopurinol BP is not a steroid. It is a form of medication used to help lower the levels of uric acid in the body.
Can I take Allopurinol BP with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be taken with other medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Talk to your doctor if you are taking any other medications and are considering taking Allopurinol BP.
Can I take Allopurinol BP if I have high blood pressure?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be taken if you have high blood pressure. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about potential interactions between Allopurinol BP and any other medications you are taking.
What should I watch out for while taking Allopurinol BP?
Make sure to talk to your doctor if any new or concerning symptoms arise while taking Allopurinol BP. Common side effects to watch out for include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, and dizziness.
Can Allopurinol BP cause stomach problems?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can cause stomach problems in some people. Common stomach problems include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Talk to your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms while taking Allopurinol BP.
Can I take Allopurinol BP if I'm on dialysis?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can be taken while on dialysis. Make sure to talk to your doctor about which dose is right for you.
Does Allopurinol BP have any interactions with herbal medications?
Yes, Allopurinol BP may interact with certain herbal medications like turmeric, ginger, and ginkgo biloba. Talk to your doctor about which herbs you should avoid while taking Allopurinol BP.
Can I take Allopurinol BP if I have an allergy to sulfa drugs?
No, it is not recommended that Allopurinol BP be taken if you have an allergy to sulfa drugs. Make sure to tell your doctor about any existing allergies you have before taking Allopurinol BP.
Are there any restrictions on activities while taking Allopurinol BP?
Yes, you should avoid activities that could cause skin irritation while taking Allopurinol BP, such as sunbathing, hot showers, and long baths. Talk to your doctor if you have any specific activities that you are unsure about.
Can I take Allopurinol BP if I'm breastfeeding?
No, allopurinol should not be taken while breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor if you are breastfeeding and considering taking Allopurinol BP.
What time of day should I take Allopurinol BP?
The best time to take Allopurinol BP depends on your doctor's instructions. It may be taken once daily or several times throughout the day. Talk to your doctor about what time is best for you.
Can Allopurinol BP cause liver damage?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can cause liver damage, although it is rare. Make sure to talk to your doctor if you experience any symptoms of liver damage, such as nausea, vomiting, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or dark urine.
Can Allopurinol BP cause a rash?
Yes, Allopurinol BP can cause a rash in some people. If you develop a rash while taking Allopurinol BP, make sure to talk to your doctor as soon as possible.
Can Allopurinol BP be used to treat cancer?
No, Allopurinol BP is not used to treat cancer. Talk to your doctor about which treatments may be right for you.
Can Allopurinol BP be used to treat an infection?
No, Allopurinol BP is not used to treat infections. It is primarily prescribed to help lower the levels of uric acid in the body. Talk to your doctor about which medications or treatments may be right for you.