Varenicline
Varenicline Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Varenicline is a brand name. Its generic name is Varenicline.
Varenicline Introduction
Varenicline is an oral medication used to help people quit smoking. It is a partial agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which helps reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting smoking. It is a prescription only drug choice, and is available as tablets or in inhalable form.
Uses for Varenicline
Varenicline is most frequently used to help people discontinue smoking. This drug has been studied extensively and has been proved to reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting smoking. Additionally, it has been shown to double the chances of quitting smoking compared to standard therapies or using a placebo.
Mechanism of Action
Varenicline enhances nicotine receptor activity in the brain. This makes it harder to get a nicotine “fix” as compared to smoking cigarettes. It also reduces craving symptoms associated with quitting smoking.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Varenicline typically begins to work 30 minutes after taking a single dose, although it can take up to 3-4 hours to achieve its full effect. The effects of this medication can also be enhanced when used along with counseling or with a support group.
Absorption
Varenicline is absorbed well from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of this drug is estimated to be around 55%. After administration of a single dose, peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 3 to 5 hours, although this can depend on the specific formulation.
Route of Elimination
Varenicline is eliminated mainly unchanged in the feces, but also to some extent through the urine. The elimination half-life of this drug is approximately 24 hours.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of Varenicline is one tablet (0.5 mg) taken twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening. The dose can be increased to one tablet (0.5 mg) taken three times daily if necessary. The maximum dosage of this drug should not exceed 3 tablets (1.5 mg) taken in one day.
Administration
Varenicline is typically taken orally, with or without food. It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed and not skip doses, as this could reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Additionally, it is important to start this medication at least a week before stopping smoking.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Varenicline can include nausea, headache, insomnia, increased dreaming, dizziness, flatulence, toothache, and constipation. Some serious side effects can include an allergic reaction, difficulty breathing, depression and suicidal thoughts, and chest pain. It is important to seek medical attention if these symptoms occur.
Toxicity
Varenicline is generally well tolerated if taken as prescribed. It is important to notify the prescribing doctor if any adverse symptoms occur. If Varenicline is ingested in large quantities it can lead to vomiting, nausea, or dizziness.
Precaution
Varenicline should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures, thyroid disease, kidney or liver problems, and mental health conditions. It should not be prescribed to patients who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as the potential benefits of the drug in these cases are outweighed by the risks.
Interaction
Varenicline can interact with certain medications, including blood pressure medications, anti-seizure medications, theophylline, warfarin, and clopidogrel. It is important to notify the prescribing doctor about any medications taken, to prevent interactions.
Disease Interaction
Varenicline can interact with certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy, kidney disease, or liver disease. It may also interact with bipolar disorder or depression. It is important to notify the prescribing doctor of any medical conditions in order to minimize risks.
Drug Interaction
Varenicline can interact with certain drugs, including blood pressure medications, anti-seizure medications, theophylline, warfarin, and clopidogrel. It is important to inform the prescribing doctor about any drugs taken to avoid any potential interactions.
Food Interactions
Varenicline can interact with certain foods, such as grapefruit or grapefruit juice. It is important to avoid any foods or beverages that may interact with this medication while taking it.
Pregnancy Use
Varenicline should not be taken by pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant. This drug has not been studied in pregnant women, and the potential benefits do not outweigh the risks.
Lactation Use
Varenicline should not be taken by women breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed. Again, the potential benefits do not outweigh the risks.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of Varenicline can lead to vomiting, nausea, dizziness, or other symptoms. If an overdose is suspected, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Contraindication
Varenicline is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions, such as skin rash, swelling, breathing difficulties, or anaphylaxis.
Use Direction
It is important to follow the doctor's instructions when using Varenicline. This includes starting the medication around seven days before stopping smoking. Dosage can vary and should be taken as prescribed. Any changes in dosage should not be done without consulting the prescribing doctor.
Storage Condition
Varenicline should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight or heat. It should be kept out of reach of children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
Varenicline has a volume of distribution of approximately 5.8L/kg.
Half Life
Varenicline has a half-life of approximately 24 hours.
Clearance
Varenicline has an average clearance of 21L/h.
Here you find in details version of Varenicline