Turmeric
Turmeric Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Turmeric is a brand name. Its generic name is Turmeric.
Turmeric
Turmeric is a spice native to South Asia, derived from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant. The yellow-orange aromatic powder is used as a flavor enhancer and natural yellow food coloring, and is considered to be a superfood due to its purported medicinal properties. It is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds - which makes it a popular remedy for a variety of ailments. Some of its proposed uses include treating chronic pain, improving digestion, supporting heart health, controlling high cholesterol, and easing menstrual cramps.
Uses for Turmeric
Turmeric is commonly used for thousands of years to treat various conditions, including:
- Arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis)
- Cancer (research suggests it may kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth)
- Liver Problems (stomach pain, indigestion, and gallstones)
- Allergies or Asthma
- High Cholesterol
- Diabetic Disorders (improves blood sugar levels)
- Skin Problems (eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, and skin infections)
- Digestive Disorders (treating ulcers, stomach pain, diarrhea, and heartburn)
- Kidney Problems
- Respiratory Problems (bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Fatigue
- Premenstrual Syndrome
Mechanism of Action
Turmeric has many active components, the most noteworthy of which is curcumin. Curcumin is believed to have a wide range of medicinal properties, including powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Curcumin and its related compounds are thought to modulate various molecular and cellular pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue repair.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
This will depend on the condition being treated and whether or not turmeric is used in conjunction with other medication. Generally, the effects of turmeric can be experienced within hours or a few days. Some studies suggest that the effects of turmeric can be felt for up to 8 weeks.
Absorption
Turmeric is poorly absorbed and acts mainly in the gut. However, the absorption of turmeric can be enhanced by adding it to oils, fats, or lipids. Consuming black pepper with turmeric can increase the availability of active curcuminoids, as it contains a substance called piperine, which is thought to enhance absorption.
Route of Elimination
Most of the active components of turmeric are metabolized in the liver, then excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Curcumin, the most active component of the turmeric, is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the body.
Dosage
The recommended dose of turmeric varies depending on the condition being treated and the form of turmeric being used. Powdered turmeric root can be taken in capsule form orally in doses of 200-2,800 milligrams per day. For skin conditions, 100-500 milligrams per day may be applied ointment to the affected area.
Administration
Turmeric powder can be added to soups, curries, smoothies, and other dishes for extra flavor. Turmeric extract, in the form of capsules, is considered to be the most convenient and concentrated form. Always read the instructions of any product before taking it.
Side Effect
Turmeric is generally considered safe, as it presents a low risk of side effects. Common side effects include indigestion, nausea, and diarrhea. It can also cause skin rashes, liver problems, and low blood sugar in some individuals.
Toxicity
Turmeric is generally considered to be safe when taken in small to moderate doses. However, long-term use of large doses can increase the risk of liver damage and kidney stones.
Precaution
Turmeric should be used with caution by people with gallbladder problems, those using anticoagulants, pregnant and breast-feeding women, and those with diabetes or blood-clotting disorders.
Interaction
Turmeric may interfere with certain medications, including antidepressants, blood-sugar-lowering medications, and blood-clotting medications. It is important to discuss possible interactions with your healthcare provider.
Disease Interaction
Turmeric may interact negatively with certain medical conditions, including gallstones, bile duct obstruction, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. People with these conditions should discuss the risks carefully with their healthcare provider.
Drug Interaction
Some medications may interact with turmeric, including anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, and diabetes medications. It is important to discuss potential interactions with your healthcare provider before taking turmeric.
Food Interactions
Certain foods may interact with turmeric and reduce its efficacy, including calcium-rich foods, iron-rich foods, and caffeine. Avoid using these foods at the same time as consuming turmeric.
Pregnancy Use
Turmeric is not recommended for pregnant women, as it may have adverse effects on the developing fetus. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult their healthcare provider before taking turmeric.
Lactation Use
Turmeric is not recommended for women who are breastfeeding, as it may pass into the breast milk and cause adverse effects in the infant. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult their healthcare provider before taking turmeric.
Acute Overdose
Taking large doses of turmeric can cause dangerous side effects, such as nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. If an overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.
Contraindication
Turmeric should not be taken by people with bile duct obstruction, gallstones, peptic ulcers, and gastritis. It should also be avoided by people taking anticoagulants or other medications that interact with turmeric.
Use Direction
Turmeric should be taken as directed by your healthcare provider. Always read the label carefully, and follow all instructions. Do not exceed the recommended dose as this may increase the risk of side effects.
Storage Condition
Turmeric powder should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. It is best to keep it away from heat and moisture. Turmeric extract, in the form of capsule, should be stored in accordance with the product’s instruction.
Volume of Distribution
Turmeric has an average volume of distribution of 0.5 L/kg. This means that the amount of the compound needed to produce a therapeutic effect is dependent upon the weight of the patient.
Half-Life
The half-life of turmeric is not well-understood. However, it is estimated to be from 0.5 to 3 hours, depending on the individual.
Clearance
Turmeric is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the body. The estimated clearance rate is 14.3 mL/min/kg. This means that the body can clear a certain amount of the drug in a certain amount of time.
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