Tmp
Tmp Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Tmp is a brand name. Its generic name is Trimethoprim.
Introduction
Tmp is a synthetic antimicrobial compound used in combination with sulfamethoxazole (SXT or SMX). It is used in the treatment of a wide variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, acute otitis media, bronchitis, shigellosis, prostatitis, cholera, and pneumonia.
Uses
Tmp is commonly used in combination with Sulfamethoxazole, in the treatment of acute bacterial infections of the urinary tract, such as cystitis, pyelonephritis and acute uncomplicated prostatits. It is also used for shigellosis, chronic bronchitis, acute otitis media, cholera and pneumonia.
Mechanism of Action
Tmp blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolate, an important cofactor in bacterial metabolism, by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. By doing so, it reduces the production of folic acid in bacteria, and prevents it from using it for DNA production.
How Long Does it Take to Work
Tmp begins to work within 24-72 hours depending on the severity of the infection. It is important to complete full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even when symptoms of the infection disappear.
Absorption
Tmp is rapidly and well absorbed with peak plasma concentrations usually seen in an hour or two after oral administration.
Route of Elimination
Tmp is mainly eliminated unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion with only a small amount metabolized.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for adults and children over 12 years is 8-10 mg per kg body weight every twelve hours (maximum 4 g per day). The usual adult dose is one tablet (160 mg) of sulfamethoxazole and one tablet (80 mg) of trimethoprim, twice a day, for 10-14 days. For children under twelve years, the recommended dosage is 5-7 mg/kg body weight every twelve hours, with a maximum daily dose of 60 mg/kg body weight.
Administration
Tmp is available as a tablet or as a suspension in strength of 80 mg/5ml. It should be taken with or after food to enhance absorption. It should not be mixed with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, as well as products containing iron, zinc, iron, calcium, or sodium bicarbonate, as it will reduce absorption.
Side Effects
The common side effects of trimethoprim include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sunburn easily, headache, loss of appetite, and rashes. Other less common side effects can include anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hypersensitivity.
Toxicity
Extensive use of trimethoprim, especially for prolonged periods, can lead to the development of microbial resistance. Large doses of trimethoprim can cause acute renal failure and acute hemolytic anemia. Rarely, it can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Precaution
Tmp should not be used in pregnant women unless absolutely necessary. People with a history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency should avoid trimethoprim as it can cause hemolytic anemia. In the case of people with severe hepatic and renal impairment, it is advisable to reduce the dosage.
Interactions
Tmp can interact with certain drugs such as warfarin (causing an increase in prothrombin time), aspirin (increased risk of bleeding), phenytoin (decreases its efficacy by induction of hepatic metabolism) and methotrexate (increase risk of toxicity).
Disease Interaction
People with severe hepatic impairments should avoid using trimethoprim. Furthermore, caution should be taken in people who have depression, diabetes, hematologic disorders, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, seizure disorder, thyroid disorders and Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Drug Interaction
Tmp can interact with drugs such as warfarin, aspirin, phenytoin and methotrexate. It can also interact with other antimicrobials, antacids, penicillins, tetracyclines, antidiabetic drugs, NSAID, theophylline and vitamins.
Food Interactions
Tmp should not be taken with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, as well as products containing iron, zinc, iron, calcium, or sodium bicarbonate, as it will reduce absorption.
Pregnancy Use
Tmp should not be used in pregnant women unless absolutely necessary. Studies conducted in animals have revealed that trimethoprim has teratogenic effects.
Lactation Use
Tmp is excreted in the breast milk hence it should be avoided in breastfeeding mothers.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of acute overdose include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and features of hyperkalemia.
Contraindication
Tmp is contraindicated in people with known hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or other sulfonamide derivatives, severe hepatic and renal impairment, folate deficiency and pregnancy.
Use Direction
Tmp should be taken with or after food to enhance absorption. It should not be mixed with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, as well as products containing iron, zinc, iron, calcium, or sodium bicarbonate, as it will reduce absorption.
Storage Condition
Store trimethoprim tablets at room temperature in an airtight container, away from direct sunlight and away from children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
Tmp has a volume of distribution of ~25 liters.
Half Life
The elimination half life of trimethoprim is ~9-11 hours.
Clearance
Tmp has a renal clearance of ~70 ml/min.
Here you find in details version of Tmp
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Tmp
What is Tmp?
Tmp is an antibiotic medicine used to treat bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
What is Tmp used to treat?
Tmp is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including bladder infections, sinus infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
What are the side effects of Tmp?
The most common side effects of Tmp are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, headache, and dizziness.
Can Tmp be used during pregnancy?
The safety of Tmp during pregnancy has not been established. It should be used with caution during pregnancy and only if clearly needed.
What should I do if I experience side effects from Tmp?
If you experience side effects from Tmp, talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice. You may need to reduce your dose or stop taking the medicine altogether.
How should I take Tmp?
Take Tmp exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Take it at the same time each day, with or without food. Do not take more or less than directed.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Tmp?
You should not drink alcohol while taking Tmp as it may increase your risk of side effects. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks before consuming alcohol while taking Tmp.
Is it safe for children to take Tmp?
Tmp is safe for children to take, however it should only be used when clearly needed. Talk to your doctor before giving Tmp to children.
What should I do if I forget to take my dose of Tmp?
If you forget to take your dose of Tmp, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time.
What should I do if I accidentally take an extra dose of Tmp?
If you take an extra dose of Tmp, contact your doctor or pharmacist. You may need to have your blood monitored or receive other medical treatment.
What should I do if I experience severe stomach pain while taking Tmp?
If you experience severe stomach pain while taking Tmp, contact your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately. Stomach pain can be a sign of a serious side effect or reaction.
What should I do if I am allergic to Tmp?
If you are allergic to Tmp, stop taking the medicine and contact your doctor immediately. You may need to receive medical treatment for your allergic reaction.
Can Tmp be used to treat urinary tract infections?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat urinary tract infections. It works by killing the bacteria that cause the infection.
What should I do if I experience itching or rash while taking Tmp?
If you experience itching or rash while taking Tmp, talk to your doctor for advice. It may be a sign of an allergic reaction or a side effect of the medicine.
Can Tmp cause diarrhea?
Yes, Tmp can cause diarrhea. If you experience diarrhea, talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
Does Tmp affect birth control?
Tmp may decrease the effectiveness of birth control medicines. Talk to your doctor about the use of effective birth control while taking this medicine.
Are there any other medications that I should not take while taking Tmp?
It is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including any over the counter medicines that you are taking. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Can I take ibuprofen or acetaminophen while taking Tmp?
You can take ibuprofen or acetaminophen while taking Tmp. However, it is important to take these medicines at least two hours apart from Tmp to avoid interactions.
Is Tmp available over the counter?
No, Tmp is only available with a prescription. It cannot be purchased over the counter.
Can Tmp be used to treat strep throat?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat strep throat. However, it cannot be used to treat viral infections.
Can Tmp cause stomach upset?
Yes, Tmp can cause stomach upset. If you experience stomach upset, talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
Can I take Tmp if I am breastfeeding?
You should talk to your doctor before taking Tmp if you are breastfeeding. Tmp can pass into breast milk and may cause side effects in nursing babies.
Does Tmp interact with any other medications?
Yes, Tmp can interact with some other medications. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including over the counter medicines.
What should I do if I experience a fever while taking Tmp?
If you experience a fever while taking Tmp, contact your doctor immediately. A fever can be a sign of an allergic reaction or a side effect of the medicine.
Is Tmp safe for long term use?
Tmp should only be used for the length of time prescribed by your doctor. Long term use of Tmp can lead to resistance in the bacteria, making the medicine less effective.
Can Tmp cause yeast infections?
Yes, Tmp can cause yeast infections. If you experience frequent yeast infections while taking Tmp, talk to your doctor for advice.
Is Tmp more effective than other antibiotics?
Tmp may be more effective than other antibiotics depending on the type of infection being treated. Your doctor will be able to determine the best treatment for your specific infection.
What are the most common side effects of Tmp?
The most common side effects of Tmp are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, headache, and dizziness.
Can Tmp be taken with milk?
Yes, Tmp can be taken with milk. It may reduce the effectiveness of the medicine if it is taken at the same time as milk or other dairy products.
Can Tmp be used to treat gonorrhea?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat gonorrhea. It works by killing the bacteria that cause the infection.
Is Tmp safe to take if I have diabetes?
Yes, Tmp is generally safe to take if you have diabetes. However, you should talk to your doctor about your medical history before taking this medicine.
Can Tmp be used for teeth infections?
No, Tmp is not effective in treating teeth infections as it does not penetrate well into the gums. Your dentist may prescribe a different antibiotic to treat a tooth infection.
Can Tmp cause kidney problems?
Yes, Tmp can cause kidney problems. If you experience any signs of kidney problems while taking Tmp, contact your doctor immediately.
Can Tmp be used to treat bacterial meningitis?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat bacterial meningitis. It works by killing the bacteria that cause the infection.
Can I take Tmp if I have high blood pressure?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat bacterial infections in people with high blood pressure. However, you should talk to your doctor about any other medications you are taking before using Tmp.
Can Tmp be used to treat acne?
No, Tmp is not indicated for the treatment of acne. Talk to your doctor about other treatments that may be available to treat your acne.
Can Tmp be used to treat urinary tract infections in cats?
Yes, Tmp can be used to treat urinary tract infections in cats. Your veterinarian will be able to prescribe the appropriate dose for your pet.
Does Tmp affect blood sugar levels?
Yes, Tmp can cause a change in blood sugar levels. It is important to monitor your blood sugar levels closely if you are taking this medicine.
Should I take Tmp with food?
It is not necessary to take Tmp with food, however taking it with a light meal may reduce the risk of stomach discomfort. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about the best way to take this medicine.