Sodium Citrate
Sodium Citrate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Sodium Citrate is a brand name. Its generic name is Sodium citrate.
Sodium Citrate
Sodium Citrate is a compound composed of sodium, hydrogen, and citric acid. It is commonly found in food products, and is used to regulate acidity, act as an emulsifier, or preserve food. It is sometimes used to prevent calcium stones in certain individuals with kidney disease, or to make urine more alkaline.
Uses For Sodium Citrate
Sodium Citrate is used to induce diuresis (urination) and reduce the acidity of urine in some kidney diseases, such as calcium oxalate kidney stones. In addition, sodium citrate is used as a food additive, including as an emulsifier and flavoring agent. It is also used to preserve food, in beverages, and as a firming agent.
Mechanism of Action
Sodium Citrate works by regulating acidity, binding with calcium in the urine, and increasing the alkalinity of the urine. By helping to change the pH of the urine, it prevents calcium oxalate stones from forming in the kidneys. In addition, it may help the body increase the excretion of other chemicals, like uric acid, which can cause gout.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
It may take up to several weeks for sodium citrate to work, depending on the individual and the severity of the symptoms or conditions being treated. Individuals should talk to their doctor about the best course of action for their needs.
Absorption
Sodium Citrate is absorbed in the small intestine. It is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged by the kidneys in the urine.
Route of Elimination
Sodium Citrate is eliminated by the kidneys in the urine. It is not metabolized or absorbed.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for sodium citrate is 3 grams per day, divided into three doses of 1 gram each. This may be taken either as a powder or tablet form. It should be taken with meals and plenty of water. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions, which may vary for each individual.
Administration
Sodium Citrate can be taken by mouth, either as a powder or tablet form. It should be taken with meals and plenty of water. It may also be sprinkled on food. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions, which may vary for each individual.
Side Effects
Side effects of sodium citrate may include nausea, vomiting, headache, and rash. If any of these side effects persist or worsen, the individual should consult with their doctor.
Toxicity
Sodium Citrate is generally well tolerated, with minimal side effects. Overdose is not expected to cause serious adverse reactions.
Precaution
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult with their doctor before taking sodium citrate. In addition, individuals with allergies to citrates, or any other ingredients in the medication, should not take sodium citrate. People with kidney or liver dysfunction should also speak to their doctor before taking it.
Interactions
Sodium Citrate may interact with other medications or supplements. The individual should consult with their doctor or pharmacist before combining sodium citrate with any other medications, vitamins, or supplements.
Disease Interactions
Sodium Citrate may interact with certain diseases. Individuals with kidney or liver diseases should discuss with their doctor before taking sodium citrate. In addition, individuals at risk for developing calcium oxalate stones should speak with a doctor prior to taking sodium citrate.
Drug Interactions
- Levothyroxine
- Uric acid lowering agents
- Furosemide
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Magnesium salts
Food Interactions
Sodium Citrate may interact with certain foods. Individuals should discuss any food interactions with their doctor.
Pregnancy Use
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk to their doctor before taking sodium citrate. It is unknown whether it is safe for use during pregnancy or if it will pass into breast milk, so it is preferred to err on the side of caution and avoid use.
Lactation Use
Women who are breastfeeding should talk to their doctor before taking sodium citrate. It is unknown if it is safe for use during lactation, so it is best to avoid use in this situation.
Acute Overdose
The symptoms of an acute overdose of sodium citrate are not known, but it is likely to cause gastrointestinal distress. If an individual experiences any adverse symptoms after taking sodium citrate, they should immediately seek medical attention.
Contraindications
Sodium Citrate should not be taken by individuals with an allergy to citrates or any of the other ingredients in the medication. It should also not be taken by individuals with kidney or liver dysfunction. It may also interact with certain medications, supplements, or diseases, and individuals should speak to their doctor before taking.
Use Direction
Sodium Citrate should be taken as directed by the doctor. It is usually taken three times daily with meals and plenty of water, and may be taken either as a powder or tablet form. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions, and not take more or less than the recommended dose.
Storage Condition
Sodium Citrate should be stored at room temperature, in a tightly closed container. It should be kept away from heat, light, and moisture.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of sodium citrate is not known.
Half Life
The half-life of sodium citrate is not known.
Clearance
The clearance of sodium citrate is not known.
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