Pulmolite
Pulmolite Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Pulmolite is a brand name. Its generic name is Albumin Aggregated.
Albumin
Albumin is a protein that is mainly found in the blood. It helps keep fluid in the blood vessels, and it plays a crucial role in transporting substances such as hormones, vitamins, and drugs in the body. Albumin is made in the liver, and it has a key role in maintaining blood pressure.
Introduction
Albumin is a major blood plasma protein in mammals. It is composed of two subunits, each containing six polypeptide chains joined by disulfide bonds. It is produced exclusively in the liver, and is essential for maintaining oncotic pressure and therefore, fluid balance of the body.
Uses
Albumin is used to treat low albumin levels in the body due to symptoms of shock, major surgery, burns, trauma, severe illness, protein-losing enteropathy, liver disease, and kidney failure. It can also be used in newborn infants who have low albumin levels due to prematurity or other conditions.
Mechanism of Action
Albumin works by keeping fluid in the blood vessels, reducing fluid leakage, and maintaining oncotic pressure, which helps to prevent the loss of proteins from the circulation. It acts as a carrier protein for substances such as hormones, vitamins, and drugs, and by controlling the binding of hormones to their respective receptors. It also binds to drugs and toxins, and helps to eliminate them from the body.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
The time taken for albumin to start working depends on the method of administration. When administered intravenously, albumin takes effect almost immediately. In comparison, when albumin is administered intramuscularly, it takes a few hours for it to take effect.
Absorption
Albumin is mainly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is found in the small intestine. It is quickly distributed to the bloodstream and is then taken up by most tissues, including the liver, muscles and kidneys.
Route of Elimination
Albumin is mainly eliminated by the kidneys. It is also metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces. It is also excreted in the bile, and small amounts can be found in the saliva and sweat.
Dosage
The dose of albumin depends on the condition being treated, the patient's age, body weight, and response to treatment. The usual dose is 1 to 10 mL per kg of body weight, administered intravenously or intramuscularly, every 8 to 24 hours as necessary.
Administration
Albumin is usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It should be given slowly, with close monitoring of the patient's response. Patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of albumin include headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, rash, and anaphylaxis. Rare side effects include joint pain, decreased urine output, and increased blood sugar levels.
Toxicity
The most common adverse effect of albumin is fluid overload, which can lead to overload of the heart and lungs. Overdose of albumin may cause allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.
Precaution
Patients should inform their doctor if they are pregnant, lactating, or have any pre-existing medical condition such as kidney or liver disease before taking albumin. It should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, and in elderly patients.
Interactions
Albumin may interact with other medications, such as certain antibiotics, calcium supplements, and anticoagulants. It may also interact with certain foods such as alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods.
disease interaction
Albumin may interact with certain diseases such as liver and kidney diseases, heart failure, and hypertension. It may also interact with certain infections such as sepsis and urinary tract infections.
Drug Interactions
Albumin may interact with certain drugs such as anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, and anticoagulants. Patients should consult their doctor before taking any medications while taking albumin.
Food Interactions
Albumin may interact with certain foods such as alcohol, caffeinated beverages, and foods containing a high amount of salt or potassium. Patients should consult their doctor before taking any foods while taking albumin.
Pregnancy Use
Albumin should be used with caution in pregnant women as it has not been adequately studied in this population. Patients should consult their doctor before taking albumin during pregnancy.
Lactation Use
Albumin should be used with caution in nursing mothers, as it has not been adequately studied in this population. Patients should consult their doctor before taking albumin while breastfeeding.
Acute Overdose
Signs of acute overdose of albumin include fluid retention, low blood pressure, and kidney failure. If these symptoms occur, treatment should be discontinued and medical help should be sought.
Contraindication
Albumin should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to albumin, anaphylaxis, clinically detectable thrombosis, hypervolemia, and severe hypertension.
Use Direction
Albumin should be administered according to the patient's doctor's instructions as the dosage and frequency may vary depending on the patient's age, body weight, and condition.
Storage Condition
Albumin should be stored at room temperature and away from moisture and direct light. It should be kept out of reach of children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of albumin is around 4.0-4.3 L/kg.
Half Life
The half-life of albumin is around 20 days.
Clearance
The clearance of albumin is around 13-22 mL/min/kg.
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