Propofolum
Propofolum Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Propofolum is a brand name. Its generic name is Propofol.
Propofolum Introduction
Propofolum is an intravenously administered short-acting anesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and for procedural sedation. It is a clear and colorless, oil-in-water emulsion supplied in a single-use, premixed form for intravenous administration.Uses for Propofolum
Propofolum is used to induce and maintain anesthesia, along with the adjuncts of nitrous oxide and oxygen. It is also used for sedation and treatment of status epilepticus.Mechanism of Action
Propofolum works primarily by binding to and activating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex. This increases chloride ion conductance, resulting in a hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, which decreases neuronal hyperexcitability and leads to sedation and decreased muscle tone.How Long Does It Take to Work
Propofolum starts working immediately when it is administered intravenously. Its effects can last for a few minutes or several hours depending on the amount administered, the person's sensitivity to the drug, and the other medications given.Absorption
Propofolum is administered intravenously and is not absorbed after oral administration.Route of Elimination
Propofolum is metabolized primarily by the liver prior to excretion via the kidneys. Approximately 70% of the drug is excreted in the urine with the remainder being eliminated via the bile.Dosage
The recommended dose of propofol for induction of general anesthesia is 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg body weight injected slowly over 20 to 40 seconds. Maintenance doses may be administered as required; however, 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg body weight should not be exceeded. Intravenous bolus doses of propofol may be given in increments of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg of body weight.Administration
Propofolum may be administered intravenously by slow injection over 20 to 40 seconds. It is also available as an intravenous infusion and may be used for anaesthesia or sedation. In adults, the infusion rate should not exceed 50 to 75 mg/kg/h. In paediatrics, the infusion rate should not exceed 4 mg/kg/min.Side Effect
Common side effects associated with propofol use may include injection site pain, hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, nausea, and vomiting. Other side effects such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), evidence of infection at the injection site, or difficulty breathing should be reported to a doctor immediately.Toxicity
Propofolum is generally well tolerated in low doses. However, at higher doses or with prolonged use propofol can accumulate in the body resulting in an increased risk of toxicity, which may include respiratory depression, hypotension (low blood pressure), arrhythmia, and heart failure.Precaution
Before using propofol, it is important to tell your doctor if you have any allergies or if you have any other medical conditions such as heart problems, asthma, liver or kidney disease, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.Interaction
Propofolum may interact with other medications such as benzodiazepines, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents. The dosage of propofol may need to be adjusted.Disease Interaction
Propofolum may interact with certain diseases such as liver or kidney disease, asthma, or cardiovascular disease. People with these conditions should talk to their doctor before using propofol.Drug Interaction
Propofolum may interact with other drugs, such as benzodiazepines, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents. The dosage of propofol may need to be adjusted.Food Interaction
Propofolum should not be taken with food, as this may decrease its effectiveness.Pregnancy Use
Propofolum should not be used during pregnancy, as it could potentially cause harm to an unborn baby.Lactation Use
Propofolum should not be used while breastfeeding as it could potentially affect the nursing baby.Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of propofol can be fatal. Overdose symptoms may include sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, and coma.Contraindication
Propofolum should not be used in people who are allergic to it or any of its components. It should also not be used in people with certain medical conditions such as a compromised respiratory system or liver and kidney diseases.Use Direction
Propofolum should be administered in an intravenous infusion and the rate of infusion should not exceed 50 to 75 mg/kg/h in adults and 4 mg/kg/min in pediatrics. The maximum total dose should not exceed 2 mg/kg of body weight.Storage Condition
Propofolum should be stored at a controlled room temperature between 25 degrees Celsius and 30 degrees Celsius and should not be frozen. It should also be stored away from direct sunlight, inquire or extreme temperatures.Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of propofol is approximately 0.7 to 1.5 L/kg.Half Life
The half-life of propofol is approximately 1.5 to 2.5 hours.Clearance
The clearance of propofol is approximately 0.20 to 0.25 L/h/kg.Here you find in details version of Propofolum
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Propofolum
What is Propofolum?
Propofolum is an intravenous sedative/hypnotic agent used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or sedation for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
What medical purposes is Propofolum used for?
Propofolum is commonly used for anesthesia during medical procedures, such as surgery, or to induce a coma-like state in intensive care units.
What is the chemical formula for Propofolum?
The chemical formula of Propofolum is C12H18O.
Who manufactures Propofolum?
Propofolum is manufactured by AstraZeneca and pharmaceutical companies such as Hospira and Mylan.
What is the generic name for Propofolum?
The generic name for Propofolum is Diprivan.
Does Propofolum have any side effects?
Propofolum can cause some side effects such as dizziness, low blood pressure, respiratory depression, slowed heart rate, confusion, discomfort around the injection area, and non-allergic reactions like hives or itching.
Does Propofolum have any contraindications?
Propofolum has contraindications for use in patients with certain conditions, including allergies to existing medical conditions, medications, or foods.
What is the maximum dose of Propofolum that can be safely administered?
The maximum recommended dose of Propofolum is 4 mg/kg body weight/hour for adults, and 2 mg/kg body weight/hour for children.
Can Propofolum be used in pediatric patients?
Yes, Propofolum can be used in pediatric patients, however, lower doses must be given depending on the age and size of the patient.
Are there any conditions in which Propofolum should not be used?
Propofolum should not be used in patients with severe liver or kidney diseases, uncontrolled seizures, or those with a history of substance abuse.
How long does it take for Propofolum to take effect?
The induction time for Propofolum is approximately 20 seconds and the recovery time is about 10 minutes.
Is Propofolum an opioid?
No, Propofolum is not an opioid. It is a sedative-hypnotic drug.
Can Propofolum be used in patients with allergies?
It is not recommended to use Propofolum in patients with allergies to certain medications, foods, preservatives or dyes.
Can Propofolum be used as a conscious sedation?
Yes, Propofolum can be used as a conscious sedation during certain procedures, such as endoscopies or imaging studies.
What are the storage requirements for Propofolum?
Propofolum should be stored in a tightly sealed container. It should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. It should also be kept away from children and pets.
Can Propofolum be mixed with other medications?
Propofolum should not be mixed with other medications and should be administered separately. If necessary, Propofolum can be mixed with certain substances, such as dextrose, sodium chloride or lidocaine, but only with the direction of a healthcare provider.
Is there a risk of overdose with Propofolum?
Yes, there is a risk of overdose with Propofolum if too high a dose is administered or if it is taken in combination with other drugs.
What are the signs of an overdose on Propofolum?
The signs of an overdose on Propofolum may include changes in heart rate, difficulty breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and coma.
What is the difference between Propofolum and midazolam?
Propofolum is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or sedation. Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for induction of anesthesia or for sedation during medical procedures.
What is the half-life of Propofolum?
The half-life of Propofolum is approximately 4-20 minutes.
Is Propofolum compatible with breastfeeding?
It is not recommended to breastfeed while taking Propofolum as it can cause drowsiness and confusion in the infant.
Can Propofolum interact with other medications?
Yes, Propofolum can interact with other medications, such as certain antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, narcotics, and muscle relaxants.
What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction while taking Propofolum?
If you experience an allergic reaction while taking Propofolum, stop taking the medication immediately and seek medical attention.
How can I tell if Propofolum is working?
Propofolum may cause drowsiness, slowed breathing, and a slowed heartbeat. If you experience any of these symptoms after taking Propofolum, it is working.
Can Propofolum cause respiratory depression?
Yes, Propofolum can cause respiratory depression in certain individuals, especially those with pre-existing respiratory conditions. This is why it is essential that Propofolum is administered by a trained and certified healthcare professional.
How long does Propofolum stay in the system?
The effects of Propofolum can last up to an hour, however, the drug can be detectable in the body for up to 24 hours.
Is Propofolum habit-forming?
Propofolum is not habit-forming, however, it can cause physical and psychological dependence in some individuals.
Can Propofolum cause withdrawal symptoms?
Yes, Propofolum can cause withdrawal symptoms in individuals taking high doses for extended periods of time. Common withdrawal symptoms may include anxiety, seizure, tremors, and decreased tolerance to medications.
What is the difference between Propofolum and opioids?
Propofolum is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or sedation, whereas opioids are narcotic pain medications that can be addictive and cause physical dependence.
Are there any long-term effects of taking Propofolum?
Possible long-term effects of Propofolum may include headaches, depression, difficulty sleeping, nausea, and dizziness.
What precautionary measures should be taken when administering Propofolum?
When administering Propofolum, the healthcare provider should ensure proper dosage and patient monitoring, pay attention for signs of respiratory depression, be aware of possible allergic reactions, and be prepared to respond to any emergency that might arise.
Can Propofolum be used in combination with Local Anesthesia?
Yes, Propofolum can be used in combination with local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, to provide a deeper level of sedation.
Is Propofolum a controlled substance?
Yes, Propofolum is a Schedule 2 controlled substance in the United States.
What is the shelf life of Propofolum?
The shelf life of Propofolum is 2 years from the date of manufacture.
Does Propofolum need to be refrigerated?
No, Propofolum does not need to be refrigerated, however, it should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture.
Can Propofolum be taken orally?
No, Propofolum must be administered intravenously and cannot be taken orally.
Is Propofolum covered by insurance?
It depends on the insurance provider. Some insurance companies may cover the cost of Propofolum, while others may not.
What is the cost of Propofolum?
The cost of Propofolum may vary depending on the manufacturer, strength, and quantity purchased. It is best to contact your healthcare provider for more information.
What should be done in the event of an overdose on Propofolum?
In the event of an overdose on Propofolum, seek medical attention immediately. An antidote such as flumazenil may be administered to reverse the effects of the drug.
What is the onset and duration of action of Propofolum?
The onset of action of Propofolum is approximately 20 seconds, with effects lasting approximately 10 minutes.
Can Propofolum cause liver damage?
Yes, there is a risk of liver damage with prolonged use of Propofolum, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver disease.
Does Propofolum have any interactions with alcohol?
Yes, Propofolum can interact with alcohol and other sedatives, such as benzodiazepines. It is important to avoid alcohol while taking Propofolum.
What is the onset and duration of action of Propofolum?
The onset of action of Propofolum is approximately 20 seconds, with effects lasting approximately 10 minutes.
What is the recommended dosage of Propofolum?
The recommended dosage of Propofolum is 2-4 mg/kg body weight/hour for adults and 0.5-2 mg/kg body weight/hour for children, depending on the age and size of the patient.
What are the potential risks associated with Propofolum?
Potential risks associated with Propofolum may include respiratory depression, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, confusion, and dizziness.