Phentermine
Phentermine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Phentermine is a brand name. Its generic name is Phentermine.
Introduction
Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as an appetite suppressant for short-term weight reduction.
Uses For
Phentermine is used in the management of obesity, including weight loss and maintenance of weight loss.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of phentermine in treating obesity is not fully understood, but believed to involve release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the hypothalamus, which are two of the neurotransmitters involved in controlling hunger.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
Phentermine can begin to work immediately, with some patients noticing results within an hour. Generally, the full effects of the drug can be felt within a few days of starting a course of treatment.
Absorption
Phentermine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak levels occurring approximately 1 to 4 hours after administration.
Route of Elimination
Phentermine is mostly eliminated via hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion.
Dosage
The maximum daily dose of phentermine is 37.5 mg given in two divided doses of 18 to 25 mg. This dose should not be exceeded. Dosage may be tailored to the individual patient's needs.
Administration
Phentermine should be taken once a day, one hour before meals, on an empty stomach. It should be taken with plenty of water to prevent dehydration. It should not be taken with alcohol or other CNS depressants.
Side Effect
Common side effects of phentermine include dry mouth, constipation, difficulty sleeping, headache, and dizziness. Rare side effects can include impaired sexual function, depression, and abuse and dependence.
Toxicity
Phentermine can be toxic in high doses, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, palpitations, confusion, tremors, and agitation.
Precaution
Phentermine should be used with caution in patients with heart conditions, hyperthyroidism, a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and those taking other medications such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It is not typically recommended for pregnant or nursing women, or children.
Interaction
Drugs that can interact with phentermine includes tricyclic antidepressants, other appetite suppressants, MAOIs, warfarin, amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, haloperidol, fluphenazine, and phenytoin.
Disease Interaction
Patients with pulmonary hypertension, chest pain, high blood pressure, an overactive thyroid, increased intra-ocular pressure, or diabetes should not use phentermine.
Drug Interaction
Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, or other appetite suppressants should not take phentermine. In addition, patients taking antihypertensive medications, digoxin, lithium, alcohol, or benzodiazepines may experience adverse reactions when taking phentermine.
Food Interactions
Phentermine should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before meals. Eating a meal with phentermine can reduce the drug's potency and delay absorption.
Pregnancy Use
Phentermine should not be used by pregnant women. Data regarding use in lactation is limited; however, it is not recommended for use in nursing mothers.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of an acute overdose of phentermine can include loss of appetite, increased heart rate, dizziness, disorientation, agitation, confusion, tremors, and seizures. It is important to seek immediate medical attention in the case of an overdose.
Contraindication
Phentermine is contraindicated in patients who are pregnant, nursing, or have a history of heart disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, or a history of drug or alcohol abuse.
Use Direction
Phentermine should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional. It is generally prescribed to be taken once a day, one hour before meals, on an empty stomach. It should be taken with plenty of water to prevent dehydration. Tablets should be swallowed whole, and not crushed or chewed.
Storage Condition
Phentermine should be stored at room temperature, in a dry and dark area, and away from heat and moisture. It should be kept out of the reach of children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of phentermine is 10 - 11 L/kg.
Half Life
The terminal half-life of phentermine is about 21 hours.
Clearance
The apparent clearance of phentermine is 0.5 L/h/kg.
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