Metform
Metform Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Metform is a brand name. Its generic name is Metformin.
Metform
Metform is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It works by lowering the amount of sugar produced by the liver and preventing cells from absorbing sugar in the bloodstream. Metform also increases insulin sensitivity in the body.
Uses For Metform
Metform is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by helping the body to regulate blood sugar levels and reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver. It can also help prevent the risk of developing complications from diabetes, such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure.
Mechanism of Action
Metform works mainly by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver and increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin. The drug also reduces the absorption of glucose in the small intestine, leading to an overall decrease in circulating glucose levels.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The effects of metformin can be felt within one week of starting the drug. After four weeks, the desired benefits should start to be noticed. However, it may take up to three months to reach the full effect of the drug.
Absorption
Metform is absorbed quickly from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma levels are usually seen within 2-4 hours after oral administration.
Route of Elimination
Metform is primarily excreted via the urinary system, with approximately 50% to 75% of the drug being eliminated in the urine as unchanged metformin.
Dosage
Metform is available as an oral tablet or liquid solution in dosages ranging from 500mg to 2000mg. The typical starting dose is 500mg twice a day orally with meals. The maximum daily dose is usually 2000mg per day.
Administration
Metform is typically taken by mouth with food twice a day. The tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed. The liquid form of the drug should be taken with meals as well, preferably in divided doses.
Side Effects
Common side effects of metformin include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and metallic taste. Rare but serious side effects include lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia.
Toxicity
Metform is well tolerated and has a low rate of toxicity. If taken at prescribed doses, it can be safely used for a long period of time.
Precaution
Patients with renal, hepatic, or heart disease should consult their doctor before taking metformin. Patients should also inform their doctor if they have any history of alcohol abuse or liver disease.
Interactions
Patients should inform their doctor of all medications and supplements they are taking before taking metformin. This is to ensure that there are no drug interactions or adverse reactions.
Disease Interactions
Metform can alter the effects of certain medications and can increase the risk of adverse reactions in patients with liver, kidney, or heart disease.
Drug Interactions
Metform interacts with many medications, including some common and over the counter products. Patients should always inform their doctor of any other medications they are taking before taking metformin.
Food Interactions
Certain foods may interact with metformin, such as certain antacids, mineral or calcium supplements, alcohol, or grapefruit juice. Patients should always consult their doctor or pharmacist before adding any dietary supplements to their regimen.
Pregnancy Use
Metform is not recommended for pregnant women. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking metformin, she should stop taking the medication and talk to her doctor about alternative options.
Lactation Use
Metform is not recommended for use in lactating mothers due to the potential for adverse effects to the baby.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of metformin can be dangerous and life-threatening. Symptoms of an overdose include vomiting, confusion, and lactic acidosis. Treatment includes supportive care and administration of folic acid or insulin.
Contraindications
Metform is contraindicated in patients with hypoglycemia, kidney disease, and heart failure. It should also be avoided in patients with a history of alcoholic liver disease.
Use Direction
Metform should be taken with food twice a day at evenly spaced intervals. Patients should take the dose that is prescribed by their doctor and should only take the prescribed amount. They should also avoid taking higher doses than prescribed.
Storage Condition
Metform should be stored at room temperature away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. It should also be stored away from children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Metform is approximately 17–22 L/kg.
Half Life
The half-life of Metform is approximately 4–6 hours.
Clearance
Metform is cleared from the body primarily by the kidneys. The clearance of Metform is approximately 5–10 L/h/kg.
Here you find in details version of Metform
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Metform
What is Metform?
Metform is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. It is used to treat people with type 2 diabetes.
How does Metform work?
Metform helps control blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and by making it easier for the body to absorb glucose from the food you eat.
What are the benefits of taking Metform?
Metform can help control your blood sugar levels, lower the risk of long-term complications of diabetes, and reduce the risk for heart attack and stroke.
What are the side effects of Metform?
The most common side effects of Metform are nausea, diarrhea, bloating, and indigestion. More serious side effects include lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition.
Who should not take Metform?
Metform should not be taken by people with advanced kidney disease, disabled patients, pregnant women, and those with certain types of allergies.
Should I take Metform with meals?
It is recommended to take Metform with meals. This may help reduce the risk of side effects such as stomach upset or diarrhea.
How long does it take Metform to work?
Metform usually starts working within 1–2 weeks of taking it, but it may take up to 3 months to reach its full effectiveness.
How should I store Metform?
Metform should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. The tablets should be kept in their original container and away from children.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Metform?
If you miss a dose of Metform, take it as soon as you remember. Do not take more than one dose to make up for a missed dose.
Can Metform cause weight gain?
No, Metform has been shown to cause weight loss in some people. However, it is possible that Metform may cause weight gain in some people.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Metform?
It is generally not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Metform. Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a serious side effect of Metform.
If I experience any side effects while taking Metform, what should I do?
If you experience any side effects while taking Metform, stop taking it immediately and contact your doctor. They may be able to advise you of other medications or treatments that may be suitable for you.
Can I take Metform if I'm pregnant?
Metform is not recommended for use during pregnancy. If you are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant, you should talk to your doctor about other treatments that are safe for you.
Can I take Metform if I'm breastfeeding?
Metform has not been studied in women who are breastfeeding. It is important to talk to your doctor if you are breastfeeding, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant to determine the best treatment plan for you.
Is Metform a generic drug?
Yes, Metform is a generic drug. It is available in the form of tablets and extended-release tablets.
Can I take Metform if I have other medical conditions?
It is important to talk to your doctor before taking Metform if you have any other medical conditions, such as kidney or liver problems, or if you are taking other medications.
What other medications can interact with Metform?
Metform may interact with certain other medications, including insulin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), phenothiazines, sulfonamides, and certain antibiotics. Talk to your doctor before taking Metform with any other medications.
Is Metform covered by insurance?
Most insurance plans will cover Metform, although cost may vary depending on your plan and your location. It is best to contact your insurance provider directly to find out what is covered and what your deductible may be.
Can I get Metform over-the-counter?
No, Metform is a prescription medication and is not available over-the-counter.
What dosages of Metform are available?
Metform is available in a variety of dosages including 500mg, 850mg, and 1000mg tablets, as well as extended-release tablets in 500mg and 1000mg dosages.
Is Metform safe?
Yes, Metform is generally safe when taken as directed by your doctor. However, some people may experience side effects and it is important to talk to your doctor if you experience any.
Can Metform cause kidney damage?
Metform may cause an adverse reaction in some people that can lead to kidney damage. It is important to talk to your doctor if you have any concerns or experience any side effects.
Do I need to take Metform with food?
It is recommended to take Metform with food. This may help reduce the risk of side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, bloating, and indigestion.
What is the difference between Metform and Metform ER?
Metform and Metform ER (extended-release) are both forms of the same medication. Metform ER is designed to slowly release the medication in the body over a long period of time, usually 8-12 hours.
What should I do if I experience side effects from Metform?
If you experience any side effects while taking Metform, stop taking it immediately and contact your doctor. They can advise you of other medications or treatments that may be suitable for you.
How much Metform should I take?
The amount of Metform you should take will depend on your doctor's instructions, as well as your age, weight, and other health factors. Do not change your dose without talking to your doctor first.
Can I take Metform if I have low blood sugar?
No, Metform should not be taken if you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). If you have low blood sugar, it is important to treat it with food or a diabetes-related medicine, such as insulin.
Does Metform lower blood sugar?
Yes, Metform can help lower blood sugar levels. This is done by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and by making it easier for the body to absorb glucose from food.
What time of the day should I take Metform?
It is best to take Metform at the same time each day as directed by your doctor. For Metform ER, it is best to take it just before you go to bed.
Can I take Metform to lose weight?
Metform is not generally prescribed for weight loss. However, some patients may experience weight loss as a side effect. It is important to talk to your doctor before taking Metform for any purpose other than treating diabetes.
Can Metform cause headaches?
Headache is a possible side effect of Metform. If you experience a headache while taking Metform, contact your doctor. They may be able to advise you of other medications or treatments that may be suitable for you.
Can I take Metform with vitamins or supplements?
It is generally not recommended to take Metform with vitamins or supplements. Talk to your doctor before taking Metform with any other medications or supplements.
Is Metform a blood thinner?
No, Metform is not a blood thinner. It is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels.
Does Metform interact with other drugs?
Yes, Metform can interact with certain drugs, including insulin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), phenothiazines, sulfonamides, and certain antibiotics. Talk to your doctor before taking Metform with any other medications.
Should I take Metform with food or on an empty stomach?
It is recommended to take Metform with food. This may help reduce the risk of side effects such as stomach upset or diarrhea.
How will Metform affect my blood sugar levels?
Metform can help lower your blood sugar levels in several ways. It reduces the amount of glucose produced by the liver and makes it easier for the body to absorb glucose from food. It also increases sensitivity to insulin, which helps your body use glucose more efficiently.
Can Metform help with PCOS?
Yes, Metform can help manage symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Studies have shown that Metform can help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hormonal levels, and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS.
Is Metform safe for elderly patients?
Yes, Metform is generally safe for elderly patients, however, it is important to talk to your doctor about any other health issues or medications that you may be taking as these may interact with Metform.
What is the recommended dosage of Metform?
The recommended dosage of Metform will depend on your age, weight, and other health factors. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions and do not change your dose without talking to your doctor first.