K Bind
K Bind Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? K Bind is a brand name. Its generic name is Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate.
K Bind
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), also known as Kayexalate, is a medication used to reduce levels of potassium in the blood. It is primarily used in people with kidney failure who have difficulty removing potassium through their urine. It is used by mouth or rectally.
Uses
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia, which is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood, typically due to other conditions like kidney failure or diabetes mellitus. It may also be used to treat other electrolyte imbalances caused by excessive levels of potassium, sodium, or calcium.
Mechanism of Action
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate binds with the potassium in the intestine, and is then eliminated in the stool. This helps to reduce circulating levels of potassium in the blood, which helps to prevent or treat hyperkalemia.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate works quickly, usually within 1-2 hours after taking the medication. However, the effects may not be seen for up to 12 hours.
Absorption
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not absorbed in the body and is eliminated in the stool.
Route of Elimination
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is eliminated in the stool.
Dosage and Administration
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is available as a powder or as a tablet to be taken orally or rectally. Generally it is taken one to three times per day. The dosage depends on the patient's age, weight, and medical condition. The usual dosage for adults is 15-45 g/day orally, and 15-60 g/day rectally.
Side Effects
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate can cause some side effects, including nausea, constipation, bloating, flatulence, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It may also cause an increase in blood sodium levels.
Toxicity
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is generally regarded as nontoxic. Overdose can cause severe constipation, increases in sodium levels, and water retention.
Precautions
Patients taking sodium polystyrene sulfonate should be monitored closely, especially those with a history of heart failure or kidney failure. It should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients.
Interactions
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may interact with other medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), potassium-sparing diuretics, and digitalis glycosides. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.
Disease Interactions
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may interact with patients with certain diseases, such as a history of heart failure, kidney failure, or thyroid disease. Patients with these conditions should inform their healthcare providers prior to use.
Drug Interactions
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may interact with certain drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), potassium-sparing diuretics, and digitalis glycosides. It should be used with caution in patients taking these medications.
Food Interactions
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products and high-fiber foods, which can decrease its effectiveness. Patients should talk to their healthcare provider before taking this medication with food.
Pregnancy Use
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not recommended for use in pregnant women. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and the potential risks of the drug should be weighed against the potential benefits.
Lactation Use
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate should be used with caution in lactating women. There is a potential risk that the drug may be excreted in breast milk.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of sodium polystyrene sulfonate may cause severe constipation, increases in sodium levels, and water retention. If an overdose is suspected, medical care should be sought immediately.
Contraindications
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients, as well as in patients with a history of heart failure or kidney failure.
Use Direction
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate should be taken orally or rectally as prescribed by the patient's healthcare provider. It should be taken one to three times per day, depending on the patient's age, weight, and medical condition. The usual dosage for adults is 15-45 g/day orally, and 15-60 g/day rectally.
Storage Conditions
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C), away from moisture and light. It should be kept in the original container or packaging.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution for sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not known.
Half Life
The half-life of sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not known.
Clearance
The clearance of sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not known.
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