Insulin Isophane
Insulin Isophane Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Insulin Isophane is a brand name. Its generic name is Insulin Isophane.
Insulin Isophane
Insulin Isophane, commonly known as NPH insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin analogue used to treat diabetes. It is a suspension of an intermediate-acting insulin combined with a protamine or zinc suspension that has been “crystallized” for slower absorption. It is available in a variety of concentrations, most commonly U-100 (100 unit/mL).
Uses
Insulin Isophane is used to improve blood sugar control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is commonly prescribed for those using a multiple injection regimen, which helps to keep blood sugar control more consistent throughout the day.
Mechanism of Action
Insulin Isophane works by helping the cells of the body to absorb glucose from the bloodstream, and thereby keeping blood sugar levels in a healthy range. It also helps to decrease the amount of sugar the liver produces and increases the amount of glucose stored in the muscles.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
Insulin Isophane usually starts to take effect within 1-2 hours of injection, and its maximal effect occurs in 4-12 hours. The duration of action varies depending on dosage and individual factors. It is important to consult a physician to determine the ideal dosage and timing for each individual.
Absorption
Insulin Isophane is absorbed slowly over an extended period of time as a result of its suspension in a combination of protamine and zinc. It has a delayed onset, and is therefore sometimes referred to as an “intermediate-acting” insulin.
Route of Elimination
Insulin Isophane is eliminated mainly through the kidneys, with a small portion being eliminated through the liver.
Dosage
The dosage of insulin Isophane depends on the individual, and should be prescribed by a doctor or qualified healthcare provider. It is usually given once or twice daily, depending on the individual's blood sugar control. The typical adult dose is usually 10-50 units, administered subcutaneously.
Administration
Insulin Isophane is administered by injection subcutaneously (just beneath the skin). The injection site must be rotated to avoid building up too much fat in the area. It is important to consult a doctor or qualified healthcare provider to ensure proper technique.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of Insulin Isophane are low blood sugar, skin reactions (e.g. redness at the injection site, swelling), nausea, and headache. Other rare but serious side effects include allergic reactions and breathing difficulties. It is important to consult a doctor if any of these symptoms occur.
Toxicity
Insulin Isophane is classified as an intermediate-acting insulin which means that if taken in excessive doses, it can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include confusion, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, headache, or heightened feelings of hunger. It is important to consult a physician if these symptoms occur.
Precautions
It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions while taking insulin Isophane. Some precautions to keep in mind include: avoiding alcohol and smoking, checking your blood sugar frequently, monitoring your diet, avoiding strenuous exercise (especially if you have a diet high in carbohydrates), not missing doses, and reporting any adverse effects to a healthcare provider.
Interaction
Insulin Isophane may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications that you may be taking. It is also important to avoid drinking alcohol while using this insulin as it may cause hypoglycemia.
Disease Interactions
Insulin Isophane may interact with other conditions, such as heart disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disease. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of any underlying conditions prior to taking insulin Isophane.
Drug Interactions
Certain medications may interact with Insulin Isophane, including anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors, oral contraceptives, and certain types of antibiotics. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of any medications that you may be taking.
Food Interactions
Consumption of certain foods may affect the effectiveness of insulin Isophane, such as very high-fat meals that slow down absorption. It is important to follow a consistent meal plan that works with your insulin regimen.
Pregnancy Use
Insulin Isophane is not recommended for use during pregnancy, as it has not been extensively studied for use in pregnant women. If you are pregnant and need to use insulin, it is important to consult a doctor.
Lactation Use
Insulin Isophane is not recommended for use during breastfeeding, as it has not been studied for use in lactating women. If you are breastfeeding and need to use insulin, it is important to consult a doctor.
Acute Overdose
If too much insulin Isophane is taken, it can lead to severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include confusion, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, headache, or heightened feelings of hunger. If these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
Contraindication
Insulin Isophane is contraindicated in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is also contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its components.
Use Direction
Insulin Isophane should be administered as an injection just beneath the skin (subcutaneously). It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions regarding dosage and injection timing. It is also important to rotate injection sites to avoid building up too much fat in the area.
Storage Condition
Insulin Isophane should be stored at room temperature away from direct sunlight and heat. It should not be frozen or exposed to high temperatures. Syringes should not be re-used and should be disposed of properly.
Volume of Distribution
Insulin Isophane has an average volume of distribution of 0.16 L/kg.
Half Life
Insulin Isophane has an approximate half-life of 7-14 hours.
Clearance
Insulin Isophane has an estimated clearance rate of 0.3-0.5 L/hr/kg.
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