Etham

Etham Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Etham is a brand name. Its generic name is Ethambutol.

Introduction

Etham is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, a type of lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It is also known as an antituberculosis agent due to its ability to stop the growth of the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. The drug is sold under the brand name Myambutol and is available as a generic medicine.

Uses for

Etham is used in combination with other drugs to treat tuberculosis, a type of lung infection. Etham is used in patients who have tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It is usually given with other medications such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin.

Mechanism of Action

Etham works by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. When taken in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs, ethambutol helps to eliminate the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Etham affects the bacteria’s ability to use arabinose, an amino sugar essential for the growth of the bacteria. Without arabinose, the bacteria cannot replicate.

How Long Does It Take to Work

If taken as prescribed, ethambutol usually begins working within the first few days of treatment. It is important to take the medication as directed to get the full benefit of the drug. Most people respond well to ethambutol and begin to show signs of improvement within two to four weeks, although it may take longer for some patients.

Absorption

Etham is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within one to three hours. The drug is extensively metabolized, and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Route of Elimination

Etham is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. It is rapidly eliminated in an unchanged form with a half-life of 2.6 to 4.2 hours. The metabolites of ethambutol have a longer half-life of 1.5 to 4 days.

Dosage

The usual adult dosage is 15 to 25 mg/kg daily. Etham is typically taken once a day in combination with other medications. It may be taken with food or milk to prevent stomach upset. It is important to take the medication as prescribed by a doctor to achieve the full benefit.

Administration

Etham is available as an oral tablet or in a powdered form that can be taken with other medications. It may also be administered intravenously in a hospital setting.

Side Effect

Common side effects of ethambutol include blurry vision, headache, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. It can also cause eye irritation and inflammation. Rare but serious side effects include hepatitis, jaundice, convulsions, and confusion.

Toxicity

Etham is generally safe and well tolerated. However, it can cause serious side effects if not taken in the recommended doses. High doses of ethambutol can cause toxicity, which can lead to permanent vision loss, liver damage, and other health problems.

Precaution

Patients should not take ethambutol if they are allergic to it or any of its components. Patients should tell their doctor if they are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have any other medical conditions. They should also tell their doctor if they are taking any other medications, vitamins, or supplements before starting treatment with ethambutol.

Interaction

Etham may interact with certain drugs, including warfarin, cimetidine, phenytoin, and probenecid. It is also at risk of interacting with supplements and herbal products. Patients should tell their doctor about any medications or products they are taking before starting treatment with ethambutol.

Disease interaction

Patients who have kidney disease should take ethambutol at a lower dose to reduce the risk of toxicity. Etham should also not be taken by patients who have impaired vision or a history of vision problems. It should be used with caution in patients who have liver disease or a history of liver disease.

Drug Interaction

Etham may interact with certain drugs, including warfarin, cimetidine, phenytoin, and probenecid. It is important to tell your doctor about any medications or supplements you are taking before starting ethambutol. Patients should also contact their doctor if they experience any new or worsening side effects while taking ethambutol.

Food Interactions

Etham can be taken with food or milk to prevent nausea and stomach upset. It is important to take the medication as directed and not to take more than the recommended dose.

Pregnancy Use

Etham should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits of treatment outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Patients should tell their doctor if they are pregnant or planning to become pregnant before taking ethambutol.

Lactation Use

Etham may be found in breastmilk. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should ask their doctor if it is safe to take ethambutol while nursing. Patients should also tell their doctor if they are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed before taking ethambutol.

Acute Overdose

Overdose of ethambutol can cause toxicity and should be treated as soon as possible. Patients should seek emergency medical attention if they believe they have overdosed on ethambutol.

Contraindication

Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take ethambutol. It should also not be taken by patients who have an allergy to any of the ingredients in the medication.

Use Direction

Etham should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor. The medication should not be taken in higher doses or for longer than recommended. It should not be stopped abruptly and patients should not skip doses. Patients should take ethambutol at least one hour before or two hours after a meal.

Storge Condition

Etham should be stored at room temperature away from direct sunlight. Do not store in the bathroom or other moist places. Keep out of reach of children.

Volume of Distribution

Etham distributes to a steady-state volume (Vss) of 10-20 L/kg. The distribution of the drug is not affected by age, gender, or race.

Half Life

The elimination half-life of ethambutol is 2.6 to 4.2 hours. The metabolites of ethambutol have a longer elimination half-life of 1.5 to 4 days.

Clearance

Etham is primarily cleared by the kidneys, with a clearance rate of 4 mL/min/kg. It is also metabolized by the liver and has a clearance rate of 0.6 mL/min/kg.

Here you find in details version of Etham

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Etham

What is Etham?

Etham is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections such as tuberculosis (TB). It belongs to a class of medications called antituberculosis agents.

What are the side effects of Etham?

Common side effects of Etham include nausea, vomiting, changes in vision, yellowing of the eyes, eye pain, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, headache, and dizziness.

How should Etham be taken?

Etham should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. Take it with food to reduce stomach upset. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water and do not crush, chew, or break it.

What should be done if I miss a dose of Etham?

If you miss a dose of Etham, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.

What are the precautions to be taken while using Etham?

Tell your doctor right away if you notice any changes in your vision. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse while you are taking Etham.

Is Etham safe during pregnancy?

Etham is not recommended for use during pregnancy, as its safety has not been established. If you are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant, speak to your doctor before starting this medication.

Are there any food or drug interactions with Etham?

Drug interactions are possible with Etham. Always check with your doctor and pharmacist before taking any other medications (including vitamins, antacids, or supplements).

What should be discussed with the doctor before taking Etham?

Before taking Etham, tell your doctor if you have ever had liver or kidney problems. Also tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning on becoming pregnant, or breast-feeding.

What other medications may be used with Etham?

It is usually used in combination with other medications. These may include other antibiotics, such as rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. These combinations help to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

What is the usual dosage of Etham?

The usual dosage of Etham is one tablet taken two to three times daily. Your doctor may adjust this dosage depending on your body's response to treatment.

Can Etham be used in children?

Yes. Etham is approved for use in children ages twelve years and older. The dosage will be based on the child's weight and may be lower than for adults.

Is Etham available in different forms?

Yes. Etham is available as a tablet or as an oral liquid suspension. The liquid suspension is only for children whose weight is less than 40 kg.

What should be done if an overdose of Etham is taken?

If you think you have taken an overdose of Etham, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dizziness, and confusion.

Can Etham be used to treat other types of infections?

No. Etham should only be used to treat and prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. It should not be used to treat other types of infections.

Can Etham be used for long-term treatment?

Yes. Etham is often used in combination with other medications for long-term treatment of TB. Treatment may take several months or even longer, depending on the severity of the infection.

What precautions should be taken while taking Etham?

Etham may cause blurred vision or other vision changes. Call your doctor right away if you notice any changes in your vision. It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed. Do not skip doses or stop treatment early, as this may increase your risk of relapse or the development of drug-resistant TB.

Is Etham safe for use in elderly patients?

Yes. Etham is generally considered safe for use in elderly patients. The dosage should be adjusted based on the patient's kidney function.

Can Etham cause liver damage?

Etham may possibly cause liver damage. If you experience any signs or symptoms of liver problems such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes, contact your doctor immediately.

Does Etham interact with other medications?

Yes. Etham may interact with other medications, including other antibiotics, antacids, vitamins, or supplements. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking any other medications.

Is Etham available over the counter?

No. Etham is a prescription medication and is not available over the counter.

Do I need a prescription to buy Etham?

Yes. Etham is a prescription medication and can only be obtained with a valid prescription from your doctor.

Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Etham?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Etham. Alcohol may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, nausea, and stomach pain.

Does Etham have any effect on birth control?

Yes. Etham may make birth control pills or injections less effective so an alternate form of birth control should be used while taking this medication.

Is an Etham allergy common?

Allergic reactions to Etham are rare, but they can occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, trouble breathing, and chest tightness.

Can Etham be used in patients with HIV/AIDS?

Yes. Etham may be used in patients with HIV/AIDS to treat active tuberculosis. However, the dosage may need to be adjusted due to altered kidney function.

How do I store Etham?

Etham should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep this medication out of reach of children. Do not keep the medication past the expiration date.

Can Etham be used in patients with renal impairment?

Yes. Etham can be used in patients with renal impairment. However, the dosage should be adjusted based on the creatinine clearance.

What are the other uses of Etham?

Etham is also used to prevent the spread of TB in people who have been exposed to the infection. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections.

Can Etham be used in infants?

No. Etham is not recommended for use in infants because its safety and effectiveness have not been established in this age group.

Is Etham prescribed in combination with other drugs?

Yes. Etham is usually prescribed in combination with other antibiotics (such as rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide), as well as other medications to treat and prevent TB. This combination helps to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

What should I do if I experience a severe reaction while taking Etham?

If you experience a severe reaction while taking Etham, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, chest tightness, or rash, seek medical attention immediately.

Does Etham contain sulfa?

No. Etham does not contain sulfa.

Is Etham safe to use in pregnancy?

No. Etham is not recommended for use during pregnancy, as its safety has not been established. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, speak to your doctor before starting this medication.

Can Etham cause dizziness?

Yes. Dizziness is a common side effect of Etham. If you experience dizziness, do not drive or operate machinery until this symptom has resolved.

Are there any foods or beverages I should avoid while taking Etham?

No. There are no known foods or beverages that should be avoided while taking Etham.

Can Etham treat a dormant TB infection?

No. Etham is only used to treat and prevent active tuberculosis. If you are found to have a dormant TB infection, other medications may be prescribed.

What laboratory tests should be monitored when taking Etham?

Liver function tests and complete blood cell counts should be done before and during treatment with Etham. Kidney function tests may also be done to adjust dosage.

Is Etham used to prevent TB in people who have been exposed to the infection?

Yes. Etham is often used for the prevention of TB in people who have been exposed to the infection. It is usually used in combination with other medications.

Does Etham have any effect on fertility?

No. Etham does not have a known effect on fertility.

Can I take other medications while taking Etham?

Always check with your doctor and pharmacist before taking any other medications (including vitamins, antacids, or supplements). Some medications may interact with Etham.

Can Etham be used in patients undergoing dialysis?

Yes. Etham can be used in patients undergoing dialysis. However, a dose adjustment may be needed depending on the patient’s kidney function.