D-brompheniramine
D-brompheniramine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? D-brompheniramine is a brand name. Its generic name is Dexbrompheniramine.
D-brompheniramine Introduction
D-brompheniramine is an antihistamine used to treat the symptoms of allergic reactions, hay fever, and the common cold. It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergic antihistamines, which are used to temporarily relieve symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. Some brands of dexbrompheniramine also contain a decongestant to further reduce symptoms. D-brompheniramine is typically available in tablet, liquid, and syrup forms.
Uses For D-brompheniramine
D-brompheniramine is used to treat the symptoms of the common cold, hay fever, and other allergies such as watery eyes, sneezing, and itching. It is also used to relieve sinus congestion and pressure. D-brompheniramine is sometimes combined with other medications to make it more effective in relieving symptoms.
Mechanism of Action
D-brompheniramine works by blocking the effects of histamine, reducing nasal congestion and other symptoms of allergies. It works by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells in the body and by blocking the action of histamine on H1-receptors on cells. It also works by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter in the body.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The effects of dexbrompheniramine can be seen within minutes after taking it. It typically starts to work within 30 minutes and its full effects are usually felt within 1-2 hours after taking it.
Absorption
D-brompheniramine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes extensive first pass metabolism before entering the systemic circulation. Peak concentrations occur 2-3 hours after oral administration.
Route of Elimination
D-brompheniramine is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys. Up to 90% of the drug is eliminated within 24 hours.
Dosage and Administration
The recommended adult dose of dexbrompheniramine for treating symptoms of the common cold, hay fever, and other allergies is 2-4 mg (1-2 tablets) up to four times daily. The recommended dose for children is 1-2 mg (½ tablet) up to four times daily. The maximum dose for adults and children over 12 years of age is 32 mg per day. The dose for children under the age of 12 is determined by a doctor.
Side Effects
Common side effects of dexbrompheniramine include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. Serious side effects are rare but can include a fast or irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, confusion, and difficulty breathing.
Toxicity
D-brompheniramine is relatively safe and is not associated with significant side effects or toxicity at recommended doses. However, taking more than the recommended dose can lead to recovery from an anticholinergic overdose. Symptoms of an overdose include dry mouth, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, excessive urination, difficulty breathing, and a fast or irregular heartbeat.
Precautions
Before taking dexbrompheniramine, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. D-brompheniramine may make you drowsy, so do not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you. It is also important to tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking, as dexbrompheniramine may interact with other drugs.
Interactions
D-brompheniramine may interact with other medications, including certain over-the-counter medications, as welll as prescription medications, vitamins, and herbal products. It is important to tell your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbs you are taking.
Disease Interactions
D-brompheniramine may interact with certain diseases, such as glaucoma, enlarged prostate, urinary retention, and bronchitis. It is important to tell your doctor about any medical conditions you may have before taking dexbrompheniramine.
Drug Interactions
D-brompheniramine may interact with certain drugs, such as digitalis, anticonvulsants, antidiabetics, cyclosporine, MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and other drugs. It is important to tell your doctor about any drugs you are taking before taking dexbrompheniramine.
Food Interactions
D-brompheniramine may interact with certain foods, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, spicy foods, and alcoholic beverages. It is important to tell your doctor about any foods you are allergic to before taking dexbrompheniramine.
Pregnancy Use
D-brompheniramine should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. It should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy. It is important to consult your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant before taking this medication.
Lactation Use
It is not recommended to use dexbrompheniramine during lactation as it is passed into breast milk and may cause potential side effects in the infant. Consult your doctor before taking this medication if you are breastfeeding.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of dexbrompheniramine can lead to symptoms of nausea, vomiting, confusion, blurred vision, dilated pupils, dry mouth, and excessive urination. If an overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical help or contact the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately.
Contraindication
D-brompheniramine should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should also not be used in patients with severe hepatic or renal disease, and those with narrow-angle glaucoma.
Use Direction
D-brompheniramine should be taken as directed by your doctor. Follow all instructions and read the medication guide carefully before taking it. Take the medication with or without food. Do not take more than the prescribed amount of medication, and do not take it for more than the prescribed period of time.
Storage Condition
D-brompheniramine should be stored at room temperature (59°- 86°F/15°-30°C). Keep it away from heat, direct light, and moisture. Do not keep it in the bathroom or other damp places.
Volume of Distribution
D-brompheniramine has a volume of distribution of 0.8 to 1.2 L/kg.
Half Life
The half-life of dexbrompheniramine is approximately 6 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of dexbrompheniramine is estimated to be 7 to 12 mL/min in adults.
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